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61.
Srijan Lal Shrestha 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2007,12(3):239-251
The distributed lag effects of ambient particulate air pollution exposure on respiratory hospital admissions in Kathmandu
Valley are modelled using daily time series data. The extended exposure to PM10 is accounted for by assigning weights to daily average PM10 which decline geometrically as the lag period increases in days. Results show that the percent increase in chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease (COPD) hospital admissions and respiratory admissions including COPD, asthma, pneumonia, and bronchitis
per 10 μg/m3 rise in PM10 are found to be 4.85% for 30 days lag effect, about 15.9% higher than that observed for same-day lag effect and 3.52% for
40 days lag effect, about 28.9% higher than the observed value for same-day lag effect, respectively. 相似文献
62.
本文以东川为例,通过对金沙江干热河谷典型生态环境脆弱带的调查研究,分析了造成该地区生态环境严重破坏的原因,提出了整治泥石流、水土流失的措施,以及农业生产可持续发展的主要途径,最终达到对资源的综合开发和保护,实现人与自然协调发展的目的 相似文献
63.
岷江上游退耕还林与生态恢复的问题和对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
退耕还林因地域的差异存在不同的问题。长江上游山区本质属于受干扰山地系统,生态恢复需从多尺度和多角度入手。作为一个契机,退耕还林对生态恢复的作用在持续性和生态性上存在着矛盾和统一,同时也存在不同利益主体之间的博弈。针对岷江上游区域,在分析了社会、生态复杂性的基础上,通过对不同区域的对比,讨论了人工林种植后的生态效应,研究发现抚育较好的人工林生物多样性和土壤质量指数增加,人工林需要加强人为的干预,并根据在该区域的社会经济调查,指出了退耕还林存在的问题并提出了相应的对策。 相似文献
64.
A Method for Improving the Management of Controversial Wetland 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Merot P Hubert-Moy L Gascuel-Odoux C Clement B Durand P Baudry J Thenail C 《Environmental management》2006,37(2):258-270
Valley bottom wetlands in agricultural landscapes often are neglected in national and regional wetland inventories. Although
these areas are small, located in the bottomlands of the headwater catchments, and scattered in the rural landscape, they
strongly influence hydrology, water quality, and biodiversity over the whole catchment area. Valley bottom wetlands often
are considered as controversial wetlands. Awareness of the functional role of wetlands is increasing, in parallel with their
progressive disappearance in intensive farming landscapes. The need to improve tools for controlling wetland management is
a primary consideration for decision makers and land users. This article proposes a method for the inventory of valley bottom
wetlands. The method is based on the functional analysis of potential, existing, and efficient valley bottom wetlands (the
PEEW approach). Several indicators are proposed for checking the validity of such an approach. Potential wetlands are delineated
by means of a topographic index using topographic and pedoclimatic criteria computed from a Digital Elevation Model and easily
accessible databases. Existing wetlands are identified from observed surface moisture, the presence of specific wetland vegetation,
or soil feature criteria. Efficient wetlands are defined through a given function, such as flow or pollutant regulation or
biodiversity control. An analysis of areas at the limits between potential, existing, and efficient wetlands highlights land
cultivated or drained in the past, which currently represents negotiating areas in which rehabilitation and other intended
management actions can be implemented. 相似文献
65.
Mounir Gaidi Kais Daoudi Soumya Columbus Anouar Hajjaji My Ali El Khakani Brahim Bessais 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):123-134
Homogeneous and vertically aligned silicon nanowires (SiNWs) were successfully fabricated using silver assisted chemical etching technique. The prepared samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Photocatalytic degradation properties of graphene oxide (GO) modified SiNWs have been investigated. We found that the SiNWs morphology depends on etching time and etchant composition. The SiNWs length could be tuned from 1 to 42 µm, respectively when varying the etching time from 5 to 30 min. The etchant concentration was found to accelerate the etching process; doubling the concentrations increases the length of the SiNWs by a factor of two for fixed etching time. Changes in bundle morphology were also studied as function of etching parameters. The SiNWs diameter was found to be independent of etching time or etchant composition while the size of the SiNWs bundle increases with increasing etching time and etchant concentration. The addition of GO was found to improve significantly the photocatalytic activity of SiNWs. A strong correlation between etching parameters and photocatalysis efficiency has been observed, mainly for SiNWs prepared at optimum etching time and etchant concentrations of 10 min and 4:1:8. A degradation of 92% was obtained which further improved to 96% by addition of hydrogen peroxide. Only degradation efficiency of 16% and 31% has been observed for bare Si and GO/bare Si samples respectively. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed SiNWs/GO composite exhibits excellent photocatalytic performance and could be used as potential platform for the degradation of organic pollutants. 相似文献
66.
67.
对3类适用于酚类物质的衍生方法进行比较。结果显示,3种衍生方法均具有改善峰形、提高检测灵敏度、降低检出限等优势。其中七氟丁酸酐衍生法具有较大的腐蚀性;TMS衍生体系对水分非常敏感,需确保衍生体系脱水充分;五氟苄基溴衍生相对更成熟和完善。 相似文献
68.
研究以单元素标准膜为基础,结合NIST SRM 2783颗粒物滤膜标准样品,建立了波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法测定PM2.5中23种无机元素的测定方法,优化了测试条件,测量一个样品耗时约15 min,计算了各元素的方法检出限。对NIST SRM 2783滤膜标准品在一周内重复测定10次来计算方法的准确度与精密度,测定结果显示大多数元素的测量值在给出的参考值范围内,且测量标准偏差一般在10%以内。对比了石英与聚四氟乙烯材质(Teflon)滤膜的空白值,石英滤膜中Si、Fe、Na、Mg、Al、K、Ca等元素的背景值较高,Teflon滤膜的背景值较低,推荐选用Teflon滤膜作为PM2.5组分分析采样滤膜。分别用波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法及酸消解-ICP-MS法测定了样品膜中的元素组分,得到的测定结果基本一致。 相似文献
69.
河湟谷地不同时空尺度下土地利用及空间格局对水质的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
基于青海省河湟谷地湟源县、互助土族自治县和民和回族土族自治县内湟水河各级支流平水期和丰水期实测水质数据,结合遥感技术和数理统计等方法,分析土地利用结构及其空间格局对区域季节性水质的影响.结果表明:①河湟谷地地表水中总氮、总磷浓度偏高,Ⅳ和Ⅴ类水质多集中于河流下游和各支流交汇处.②河湟谷地平水期土地利用对水质的解释率高于丰水期,平水期最优尺度为200 m缓冲区,耕地和城镇为主要的影响因子;丰水期最优尺度为5 km缓冲区尺度,主要的影响因子为林地.③平水期耕地面积占比与总氮、高锰酸盐指数浓度呈正相关,而与总磷浓度呈负相关;城镇面积占比与污染物浓度基本呈正相关;丰水期草地面积占比与河流高锰酸盐指数呈正相关;林地面积占比在两个时期均与污染物浓度呈负相关.耕地、草地和城镇是污染物"源"景观,但耕地在一定程度上也起到拦截污染物的作用;林地是污染物的"汇"景观.④平水期200 m缓冲区尺度下林地空间格局对水质的解释率较高,其中LPI (最大斑块占景观面积比例)和PD (斑块密度)等指标为主要的影响因子,与污染物浓度呈负相关.研究表明,合理规划居民用地和耕地面积占比,提高河岸带周边的林地覆盖率及聚集度,是净化河湟谷地地表水水质的重要措施. 相似文献
70.