蓄能器爆炸事故原因推断及防控措施

囊式蓄能器是液压系统中常用的压力容器。在更换胶囊和(或)充装氮气时如操作不当,有发生爆炸的风险。通过对一起蓄能器爆炸事故的调查,经计算、推论,得出此次爆炸是一起物理爆炸。并就事故发生原因及其爆炸强度、危害程度进行了分析。提出生产商和使用单位应制定科学的、可行的标准操作程序(Standard Operation Program,SOP),并要求工人在实际操做中严格执行,加强过程控制,避免事故的发生。     

建筑施工现场坍塌事故调查研究

我国建筑安全事故频频发生,伤亡人数仍居高不下,给国家经济和人民生命财产造成了重大损失。坍塌事故的危害性很高,有效防治坍塌事故对预防建筑施工安全事故有着十分重要的意义。运用图形直观地介绍了2003—2009年我国建筑业坍塌事故伤亡情况的变化,运用相关分析的方法,通过对2009年来所发生的坍塌事故类型的数据分析,探讨了不同类型坍塌所占比例,坍塌事故发生的原因,并有针对性地提出防止坍塌的对策,以期达到有效预防坍塌事故的目的。     

液氨储罐泄漏扩散模型的改进研究

针对液氨储罐孔洞泄漏的实际工况,综合考虑泄漏及由于泄漏导致液氨闪蒸造成 的罐压变化,以及储罐的许用压力,对其连续泄漏过程进行了分析,以此改进现有的泄漏扩 散后果分析模型,获得较忽略这些因素更为严重的后果.最后针对灾难性事故发生前连续泄 漏最大持续时间的影响因素进行了分析.结果表明,环境温度与初始罐压对其影响较大,是决定...     

重特大事故的离散幂律分布——以煤矿事故为例

研究近年来我国每起煤矿重大和特别重大事故死亡人数统计数据,建立其概率分布模型。基于极大似然法和柯尔莫哥洛夫一斯米尔诺夫检验方法（K-S方法）估计我国煤矿重大和特别重大事故离散幂律分布的参数,并采用MonteCarlo方法随机生成大量的检验样本,对其进行K-S方法拟合优度检验。结果表明在统计学意义上我国煤矿重大和特别重大事故死亡人数比高斯分布的值大得多,服从标度指数为2．72的离散幂律分布。     

Floating roof storage tank boilover

Storage tanks are important facilities for the major hazard installations (MHIs) to store large quantity of crude oil. There is several fire types can occur with large diameter open top floating roof storage tanks. Boilover is considered one of the most dangerous fires in large-scale oil tank. The world has witnessed many incidents due to boilover in floating roof storage tank. Boilover problem has been studied in experiments and by models to understand how to control the boilover phenomena. An experimental study has been carried out in Jebel Dhanna (JD) terminal area by Abu Dhabi Company for Onshore Oil Operations (ADCO) with support of Resource Protection International (RPI) consultant. 2.4 m diameter and 4.5 m diameters pans have been used to study the characteristics of the large oil-tank fires (i) to gain more knowledge of the boilover phenomenon of crude oil (ii) verify if the crude oil stored by ADCO would boilover (ii) estimation of rate of hot-zone growth and the period needed from ignition to boilover (iii) estimation of radiant heat and consequences of boilover. This paper presents an overview on the floating roof storage tank boilover. The paper also presents briefly boilover experimental research study carried out by ADCO.     

模糊神经网络方法在船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估中的应用研究

针对船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估非线性系统的复杂性，分析了人工神经网络技术在该领域应用的可能性，并以20个国际油污基金公约所承认著名赔偿案例为例建立船舶油污事故的神经网络评估模型，该模型对中国船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估具有一定的参考实用价值，为中国船舶油污事故损害赔偿评估提供了一种新颖而方便的计算方法。     

医药工业专用压力容器--开环反应罐的检测及安全评价

对医药化工合成专用设备－－开环反应罐进行了多年跟踪检测，积累了检测数据，对其安全可靠性进行了探索。     

天然气汽车加气站压缩机房火灾爆炸事故故障树分析

压缩天然气汽车加气站压缩机房具有高压、易泄漏、易爆炸等危险性特点。根据其运行的实际情况,对压缩机房火灾爆炸事故原因运用故障树进行了深入分析,提出了压缩机房火灾爆炸事故预防对策。     

平流沉淀池数学模型研究进展

概述了沉淀池数学模型的研究现状及进展,根据模型的维数不同,详细介绍了各种模型的原理、发展历程及适用范围,指出了目前研究中存在的一些问题,并对将来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Estimation of probabilities and likely consequences of a chain of accidents (domino effect) in Manali Industrial Complex

Chains of accidents (the domino effect) have been occurring with ever increasing frequency in chemical process industries. This is reflected in several accidents ‘J Loss Prevent Process Ind 12 (1999a) 361’; the world's worst industrial accident of the 1990s — the Vishakhpatnam disaster — also involved the domino effect ‘J Loss Prevent Process Ind 12 (1999a) 361; and Process Safety Prog 18 (1999b) 135’. Such chains of accidents have a greater propensity to cause damage than stand-alone accidents ‘Process Safety Prog 17(2) (1998a) 107; and J Loss Prevent Process Ind 12 (1999a) 361’.In order to assess the likelihood of occurrence of the domino effect and its damage potential, use of deterministic models in conjunction with probabilistic analysis is required. Recently we have proposed a systematic methodology called ‘domino effect analysis’ (DEA). A computer-automated tool, DOMIFFECT, has also been developed by us based on DEA ‘Process Safety Prog 17(2) (1998a) 107; Environment Model Software 13 (1998b) 163; and Risk assessment in chemical process industries: advanced techniques. Discovery Publishing House (1998c)’.This paper illustrates the application of DEA and DOMIFFECT to an industrial complex comprising 16 different industries. Out of 12 credible accident scenarios envisaged in three different industries — namely Madras Refineries Limited (MRL), UB Petrochemicals (UBP) and Indian Organic Chemicals Limited (IOCL), eight scenarios are likely to cause the domino effect. A further detailed analysis reveals that accidents in the storage of liquified petroleum gas and propylene and in the reflux drum units of MRL may cause domino effects. Similarly, propylene storage of UBP and monoethylene glycol storage of IOCL are also likely to cause domino effects. The impact of various chains of accidents has been forecast which reveals that in several cases the accidents may be catastrophic, harming the entire industrial complex of 16 industries. The study leads to the identification of ‘hot spots’ — units that pose the greatest risk — in turn forewarning the industries concerned and enabling them to prioritize and augment accident-prevention steps.