Seasonal differences in treatment efficiency of a set of stabilization ponds in a semi-arid region

This article aims to determine the significant differences of the seasonal changes of pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total suspended solids (TSS) parameters in a wastewater stabilization pond. The variation of these parameters followed the seasonal pattern of temperature. The mean seasonal pH of the influent wastewater ranged between 7.8 (in spring) and 7.9 (in summer), while in the final effluents it was between 7.9 (in winter) and 8.3 (in summer). The mean seasonal COD of the influent wastewater ranged between 650?mg?L^?1 in spring and 600?mg?L^?1 in autumn, whereas in the effluents it was between 150?mg?L^?1 in autumn and 270?mg?L^?1 in spring. The mean seasonal BOD₅ of the influent wastewater ranged between 360?mg?L^?1 in autumn and 390?mg?L^?1 in winter, whereas in the effluents it was between 66?mg?L^?1 in summer and 130?mg?L^?1 in winter. The results showed that the percent removals of COD, BOD₅ and TSS from final effluents were maximum in summer for COD and BOD₅ (76%), summer (83%) and for TSS in winter (78%), respectively. Data analysis showed that there were significant differences between parameters of pH, COD, BOD₅ and TSS at four different seasons (p?相似文献   

Treatment of tannery wastewater in a pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetland system in Bangladesh

This paper reports the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system in Bangladesh for the treatment of a tannery wastewater. The system consisted of three treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF) and a VF wetland. The wetlands were planted with common reed (Phragmites australis), but employed different media, including organic coco-peat, cupola slag and pea gravel. In the first stage, experimental results demonstrated significant removal of ammonia (52%), nitrate (54%), BOD (78%), and COD (56%) under high organics loading rate (690 g COD m⁻² d⁻¹); simultaneous nitrification, denitrification, and organics degradation were attributed to the unique characteristics of the coco-peat media, which allowed greater atmospheric oxygen transfer for nitrification and organic degradation, and supply of organic carbon for denitrification. The second stage HF wetland produced an average PO₄ removal of 61%, primarily due to adsorption by the iron-rich cupola slag media. In the third treatment stage, which was filled with gravel media, further BOD removal (78%) from the tannery wastewater depleted organic carbon, causing the accumulation of NO₃ in the wastewater. Overall, the average percentage removals of NH₃-N, NO₃-N, BOD, COD, and PO₄ were 86%, 50%, 98%, 98% and 87%, respectively, across the whole hybrid system. The results provided a strong evidence to support widespread research and application of the constructed wetland as a low-cost, energy-efficient, wastewater treatment technology in Bangladesh.     

Effects of a major municipal effluent on the St. Lawrence River: A case study

The St. Lawrence River (SLR) is the second largest waterway in North America. The discharge of the City of Montreal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) represents the largest volume of treated wastewaters being released into the river. It also ranks as the largest sewage treatment plant of its kind in North America. Over the last decade, intensive multidisciplinary research has focused on assessing the impacts of Montreal wastewater effluents on the SLR. We describe the major findings of these investigations, including the determination of the fate of contaminants, bioaccumulation in fish and invertebrates, ecotoxicological measurements of aquatic animal health, evaluation of endocrine disruption, parasitism in fish, and combined effects of multiple stressors on the SLR. Impacts of the effluents from the WWTP on aquatic organisms from the SLR are both toxicological and ecological, demonstrating the need for an integrated view of the impacts of municipal effluents on aquatic ecosystems.     

On the understanding and control of the spontaneous heating of dried tannery wastewater sludge

We studied the spontaneous heating of dried sludge produced by treating wastewater mainly originating from tanneries. Heating up to burning has been observed in the presence of air and moisture, starting at ambient temperature. To understand and prevent the process we combined chemical and morphological analyses (ESEM) with thermal activity monitoring in insulated vessels. Selective additions of chemicals, either to amplify or depress the reactivity, have been used to investigate and identify both the chemical mechanism causing the sludge self-heating, and a prevention or a mitigation strategy. FeS additions accelerate the onset of reactivity, while S sustains it over time. On the contrary, Ca(OH)₂, Na₂CO₃, NaHCO₃, FeCl₂, EDTA, NaClO can limit, up to completely preventing, the exothermic activity. All the experimental evidences show that the reactions supporting the dried sludge self-heating involve the Fe/S/O system. The total suppression of the reactivity requires amounts of additives that are industrially incompatible with waste reduction and economics. The best prevention requires reduction or removal of S and Fe from the dried solid matrix.     

新型无机高分子絮凝剂在制革废水处理中的应用研究

介绍了一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂－硅钙复合型聚合氯化铝铁（ＳＣＰＡＦＣ）在制革废水处理中的应用。结果表明，该产品对废水的浊度去除率为９９％，ＳＳ去除率为９５％，ＣＯＤ去除率为９０％，Ｃｒ＾３＋的去除率为８５％左右。最佳使用ｐＨ值为６．０￣９．０，最佳投药量为０．３５￣０．４０ｇ／Ｌ，最佳混凝时间为１５￣２０ｍｉｎ，在同样条件下各项性能均优于ＰＡＣ２倍以上。同时该絮凝剂还可用于生活饮水、生产用水及其他     

草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用技术分析研究

中段废水是制浆造纸工业的主要污染源之一,从工程设计的角度出发,对草制浆造纸中段废水处理及回用提出一套可行适用的工艺方案;对主要工艺环节参数、设备备有说明,以供同行借鉴.     

Investigation and proposal for reuse of effluents from beneficiated bentonite products

This work is intended to show the characterization of three effluents (X, Y, and Z) derived from laboratory analyses conducted in the quality control department of a beneficiated bentonite products factory in order to present alternatives for their treatment and final disposal according to Brazil's National Solid Waste Policy (Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos – PNRS, Law 12,305/2010, Brazil). Analyses to identify the characteristics of the effluents revealed that the pH, salinity, electroconductivity, and total dissolved solids were in agreement with the organic and mineral nature of the effluent constituents: solvent, clay minerals, water, and activating agent. To assess reuse proposals, the effluents were subjected to the following tests: (a) swelling characteristic with effluent X, (b) petrochemical characterization of Y, and (c) swelling characteristic using commercial solvent and activated clay produced with effluent Z. Preliminary results indicate that each of these effluents can be reused variously in the laboratory, as a fuel, or in the original analysis/process.     

Deep bed filtration of anaerobic cattle manure effluents with natural zeolite

Abstract

This study was carried out in a pilot plant for the treatment of anaerobic cattle manure waste. The pilot plant consisted of a semicontinous anaerobic reactor, a settling tank, a filtration process and an ionic exchange column. The study was focused on the filtration process, with natural zeolite as filtering material. In the filtration process different media sizes of natural zeolites packed in columns were tested. The ranges of media size were 0.4 ‐ 1.0, 1.0 ‐ 3.0 and 3.0 ‐ 5.0 mm. Filtration systems operated by gravity flow from 2 to 10 m³m^‐2h^‐1. The process control was done by assays of solids, turbidity, total and soluble COD, ammonium and orthophosphate. The results showed a better behaviour in the filters packed with a media size range between 1.0 and 3.0 mm, operating at 7 m³m^‐2h^‐1, principally when effluent gross particles were previously retained in an Heterogeneous Media Filter, operating at 4 m³m^‐2h^‐1. The head losses diagrams in the filter runs were obtained, at each operational conditions. The hydraulic behaviour of traditional silica sand and natural zeolite beds were compared at the same operational conditions.     

高炉煤气洗涤含CN-废水治理

采用碱性氯化法处理高炉煤气洗涤含CN-废水 ,实践结果表明CN-的去除率平均达 94%以上。该方法可有效控制废水中CN-的浓度 ,可做到达标排放