How do Consumers Perceive Electric Vehicles? A Comparison of German Consumer Groups

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are currently being discussed as a promising means to increase the energy efficiency and sustainability of today's transport systems. While technological progress and cost reduction are certainly crucial topics for their successful diffusion, consumer acceptance is another issue that warrants further analysis. Based on a large online survey (N?=?969), we compared four consumer groups which differ in their likelihood to purchase an EV with regard to their socio-demographic characteristics, their willingness to pay (WTP) and their perceptions of EVs. The findings indicate that early users in Germany are most likely to be middle-aged men living with their families in a multi-vehicle household who have a higher WTP for an EV. Perceived compatibility of an EV with personal needs seems to be the most influential factor on the stated willingness to purchase an EV. With regard to the promotion of EVs, strengthening their environmental advantages and providing financial incentives for purchase are rated as important measures by a majority of the sample, while performance characteristics which are comparable to conventional vehicles seem to be less important for most participants. Based on the data analyses, we provide recommendations for measures regarding the further development and promotion of EVs.     

循环流化床锅炉结渣特性研究

循环流化床燃烧技术是近年来在国际上发展起来的新一代高效、低污染清洁燃烧技术,生物质燃料是具有广阔发展前景的新型燃料。本文通过循环流化床锅炉中混燃时的结渣问题进行了分析研究,并对解决发电厂锅炉结渣问题给出了相应的技术措施。     

Implementation and Participation in China's Local Environmental Politics: Challenges and Innovations

With its recently published 12th Five-Year Plan (FYP, 2011–2015) China's leaders have set ambitious national environmental targets and goals for developing a more sustainable economy and society. Past records, however, show that ambitious goals and regulations too often fail due to shortcomings in local implementation and civil society participation. At the sub-national level, economic, political, and social interests continue to dictate the political agenda and the participation of non-state actors remains limited. This article analyses these implementation and participation gaps and reviews recent innovations and experiments to address these gaps in local environmental politics in China. Although many ongoing experiments and new institutional arrangements can be identified, these projects and initiatives remain limited in scope and geographical spread. Further advances in policy enforcement and in opening up policy design to citizens and other non-state actors at the local level are needed in order to turn the article ambitions of the 12th FYP into reality.     

Reducing carbon,tackling fuel poverty: adoption and performance of air-source heat pumps in East Yorkshire,UK

Deploying heating technologies, such as air-source heat pumps (ASHPs), can respond to the dual challenges of tackling fuel poverty and reducing carbon emissions from domestic energy consumption. In the UK, ASHP performance has been found to be below design levels. Elements of three strands of literature – innovation diffusion, environmental psychology and neighbourhood effects – are combined to gain insights into why the adoption and performance of ASHPs are lagging policy targets and design potential. Evidence from users, installers and area-based scheme facilitators suggests that the perceived complexity of the technology is a barrier. The level of technology maturity and the typical profile of the elderly fuel poor do not match; the target group might prefer to be late adopters or laggards in adopting technology. The role of installers is critical as the disruption from installation is a barrier to adoption and ASHPs place demands on users to change existing practices.     

社区自组织机制与农村公共生态文化服务体系建设研究

农村社区自组织发展的不足,特别是在农村公共生态文化服务体系建设中的缺位,是农村生态文化建设滞后的重要原因。通过创新农村公共生态文化服务体系建设的主体构成,明确各个主体的角色定位和职责,充分发挥社区自组织的优势,开展农村公共生态文化服务设施的建设和农村公共生态文化服务活动的创新,可以推动农村生态文化建设和生态经济发展。     

Age and innovation‐related behavior: The joint moderating effects of supervisor undermining and proactive personality

Previous research has yielded mixed results regarding the effects of age on innovation‐related behavior (IRB; i.e., generating, disseminating, and implementing new ideas). This paper hypothesizes that the relationship of age with IRB is jointly moderated by undermining behavior on the part of the supervisor and the extent to which the employee possesses a proactive personality. We collected data from 196 employees at three points in time over a one‐year period. Results supported the hypothesized 3‐way interaction of age, supervisor undermining, and proactive personality on IRB. As predicted, highly proactive older workers responded to high supervisor undermining with more IRB, whereas older workers low on proactive personality responded to high supervisor undermining with less IRB. On the other hand, when supervisor undermining was low, proactive personality did not moderate the relationship of age with IRB. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

机电现代化与煤矿安全生产

针对目前国内煤矿生产安全问题,从更新现有的老化机电设备、改进生产技术、实现机电现代化生产的角度,阐述煤矿机械设备集成创新、加快煤矿机械电子发展、改进煤机企业机床设备、煤矿机械设备引进等观点,提出一些新见解和主张。煤矿机械具有复杂工作环境的特殊性,对其机电设备的改进,实行现代化生产技术,开展现代化的企业管理,可以提高生产安全性、可靠性,减轻体力劳动,减少伤亡事故,对保证安全生产有重要的现实意义和指导作用。     

安全生产系统控制力与创新力协调统一探析

在安全生产系统中,生产事故是由于系统的控制力失控,而导致控制力失控是由于系统的创新力不足,即控制力与创新力的双重不足使安全生产事故成为必然。但由于安全生产系统中控制力与创新力二者的相互作用关系,两力在耦合演进中可以在更高层次上达到协调统一,从而有效避免生产事故。因而探讨两力协调统一的途径与方式对从根本上遏制生产事故,实现安全生产有重要的意义。     

工科有机化学教学目标与教学改革的探索

工科有机化学是面向工科专业开设的一门基础课,以往的教学只是按章节顺序详细介绍各类反应,内容多,难以记忆,而且各专业间差别不大.随着教改的不断发展,规定的教学时数愈来愈少,如何解决内容多与时间少的矛盾,如何体现专业特点成为我们急待解决的问题.我们主要从教学目标、教学内容、教学手段方面进行了一些尝试,取得了较好的效果.     

区域战略安全管理——历史、现状与未来

以人权原则以及现代工业的理念 ,从现代安全管理体系和方法的新要求入手 ,站在长久安全和可持续发展战略的高度 ,探求新的安全管理理念和模式 ;进一步研讨了区域战略安全管理模式 ,并归纳出其类型与层次 ;概述了国内外安全管理模式的发展历程 ,对我国战略安全管理的现状和对新模式的探索过程进行了分析 ,归纳出国内外战略安全管理新理念构架 ;重点阐述了HSE(健康、安全、环境 ) ,QHSE(质量、健康、安全、环境 ) ,OHS(职业健康安全 )管理体系战略、安全文化战略以及美国和欧共体战略安全管理等先进理念 ;最后提出了闭环控制的滚动式战略安全管理技术构思和战略安全管理的国内外发展趋势。区域战略安全管理模式的应用与发展将使现代安全管理提高到一个新的高度。