Development aid: The moral obligation to innovation

The prominent, though not exclusive, role of basic needs strategies to attain ethically acceptable development goals raises the question of the ability of development agencies to find and employ basic needs strategies. The obligation to prevent severe human suffering leads to the obligation to employ basic needs strategies to attain basic needs goals. The history of failure by development agencies in finding and employing basic needs tools leads to a further obligation to cultivate bureaucratic environments which foster profound innovation. This requires not only new tools but also new bureaucratic behaviour. An understandable obstacle to simultaneously technological and bureaucratic innovation lies in the tension between responsible behaviour and behaviour promoting fundamental change. Since this tension is based on the unpredictability of creative change, a series of axioms and corollaries which reduce the unpredictability is given. They include: (1) an obligation to seek innovation; (2) a clear statement of basic needs goals and intent to use some basic needs tools; (3) increase in effective knowledge of the poor and their survival strategies; (4) bureaucratic learning flexibility; (5) participatory development and allied emphasis on sustainable resource technologies. The embodiment of these in the learning process approach is illustrated.     

含除草剂非织造布的研制及其技术规范

在含除草剂非织造布生产的车间研制过程中，开发了滴渗法涂药技术。该法不仅涂药均匀，克服了喷药过程雾气的扩散污染，而且方法简便，成本低，投资回收期短，易推广应用。并在实验基础上提出了含除草剂非织造布的生产和使用技术规范。     

关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考

作者结合学习贯彻十六大精神，详细论述了发展循环经济的重大意义、模式和前景，提出了我国发展循环经济的理论和政策建议。     

城市韧性与科技创新耦合协调发展研究——以成渝地区双城经济圈为例

以成渝地区双城经济圈为空间载体,运用熵值法、重心模型和修正耦合协调度模型等方法,分析了2005—2019年成渝地区双城经济圈城市韧性与科技创新的发展水平、重心变动特征及耦合协调发展水平。结果表明:①城市韧性和科技创新的发展水平均呈稳步提升态势,但整体发展水平较低。②城市韧性与科技创新的重心经历了复杂的迁移过程,且二者重心的空间叠置性显著上升,迁移方向基本趋于一致,空间耦合趋势明显。③城市韧性与科技创新的耦合协调水平稳步提升,但整体仍处于失调阶段,总体呈“成都、重庆双核高,周边低”的空间分布格局,且科技创新滞后现象日益突出。     

青岛市生态环境质量动态变化研究简

以2011年Landsat TM遥感影像为基础数据源,利用遥感与GIS技术对青岛市生态环境状况进行了监测,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范（试行）》（HJ/T 192-2006）对2000-2011年生态环境质量动态变化趋势进行了评价,在此基础上对地市级单位进行生态环境质量评价中存在的主要问题进行了分析。指出使用归一化系数评价不同区域同一时期的生态环境状况是有效的,但同一区域不同时期的同一指标却不具有可比性;地市级单位在应用规范的过程中发现,不能将“区”作为和“县”同级的评价单元; COD对环境的污染影响应与区域降水的总量负相关,在对COD负荷进行评价时,应考虑的是区域的降水总量。     

Experts' perspective on the performance of Chinese technical guidelines for Plan Environmental Impact Assessment

This research was to evaluate the Technical Guideline (HJ/T130-2003) effectiveness based on data resource from a questionnaire survey and interviews on EIA experts. The result demonstrated that the guideline served mainly as a quality control measure for PEIA products, and only a small proportion of experts considered it effective due to its inconsistency with the newly released Chinese PEIA Regulation (2009) and poor practicability. Current status of SEA implementation in China was also studied in terms of application fields, effectiveness evaluation, and major issues to affect SEA, to conclude that SEA implementation in China is premature, and with limited effectiveness. The major problem was the lack of effective methodologies and technical tools. Recommendations for revising the PEIA Guideline and advices to improving SEA implementation in China were accordingly proposed.     

公众投诉、环境规制对工业技术创新的影响研究

在碳达峰碳中和背景下,工业如何实现环保、科技与经济的共同进步已成为中国亟待解决的难题。本文基于中国工业2008—2018年的省级面板数据,建立动态面板模型,采用系统广义矩（GMM）估计方法,对现代环境治理体系中公众投诉、环境规制及工业技术创新三者的关系进行了探讨。结果表明：①公众投诉、环境规制成为直接推动工业技术创新产出的重要因素;②环境规制在公众投诉影响工业技术创新产出的过程中发挥着部分中介作用;③产业集聚强化了公众投诉对工业技术创新的促进作用。因此,完善公众投诉制度、提升公众环保意识、加强环境规制强度、优化政策支持及提升产业集聚程度,对于工业实现经济绩效与环境绩效的双赢具有重要意义。