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121.
122.
John D. Stark James F. Walter 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):685-698
Abstract The persistence of two insecticidally active compounds from the neem tree, azadirachtin A and B, was determined at two different temperatures (15 and 25°C) in the laboratory after application of the commercial neem insecticide, Margosan‐O, to a sandy loam soil. The influence of microbial activity on degradation was also examined by comparing autoclaved and non‐autoclaved soils also at 15 and 25°C. Temperature influenced degradation rates. The DT 50 (time required for 50% disappearance of the initial concentration) for azadirachtin A was 43.9 and 19.8 d for non‐autoclaved soil kept at 15 and 25°C, respectively. The DT 50 for azadirachtin B was 59.2 and 20.8 d for non‐autoclaved soil kept at 15 and 25°C, respectively. Microbial activity was also responsible for faster degradation because DT 50 ’s for autoclaved soil were much longer than for non‐autoclaved soils. DT 50 ‘s for azadirachtin A in autoclaved soil were 91.2 (15°C) and 31.5 d (25°C). DT50’s for azadirachtin B in autoclaved soil were 115.5 (15°C) and 42.3 d (25°C). Two degradation products of azadirachtin were detected, but were not identified. Higher levels of the two degradation products were detected in non‐autoclaved soil. 相似文献
123.
Brack V 《Environmental management》2007,40(5):739-746
Understanding temperatures used by hibernating bats will aid conservation and management efforts for many species. A limestone
mine with 71 km of passages, used as a hibernaculum by approximately 30,000 bats, was visited four times during a 6-year period.
The mine had been surveyed and mapped; therefore, bats could be precisely located and temperatures (T
s) of the entire hibernaculum ceiling accurately mapped. It was predicted that bats should hibernate between 5 and 10°C to
(1) use temperatures that allow a near minimal metabolic rate, (2) maximize the duration of hibernation bouts, (3) avoid more
frequent and prolonged arousal at higher temperatures, (4) avoid cold and freezing temperatures that require an increase in
metabolism and a decrease in duration of hibernation bouts or that could cause death, and (5) balance benefits of a reduced
metabolic rate and costs of metabolic depression. The distribution of each species was not random for location (P < 0.000) or T
s (P < 0.000). Myotis sodalis (Indiana bat) was most restricted in areas occupied, hibernating in thermally stable yet cold areas (
= 8.4 ± 1.7°C); 99% associated with cement block walls and sheltered alcoves, which perhaps dampened air movement and temperature
fluctuations. Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis) hibernated in colder, more variable areas (
= 7.2 ± 2.6°C). Myotis septentrionalis (northern myotis), Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle), and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) typically hibernated in warm, thermally stable areas (
= 9.1 ± 0.2°C,
= 9.6 ± 1.9°C, and
= 9.5 ± 1.5°C, respectively). These data do not indicate that hibernacula for M. sodalis, an endangered species, should be manipulated to cool below 5°C. 相似文献
124.
煤层自燃火区温度检测技术的研究与应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在煤矿自燃火区的治理过程中 ,同位素测氡法探测煤层自燃火源精确位置是火区治理的关键技术 ,而火区温度信息的采集为灭火方案及灭火参数提供可靠依据。笔者介绍了综合利用火源位置精确探测技术与火区温度探测技术的方法 ,为煤矿火区的预测预报提供了可靠的手段 ,节省大量的防灭火资金 ,提高防灭火工作效率。 相似文献
125.
126.
《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2014,16(2):248-256
Magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF) is a process in which the work surface is finished by removing the material in the form of micro chips by magnetic abrasive particles (MAPs) in the presence of magnetic field in the finishing zone. During the MAF process, the frictional heat is generated at the workpiece surface due to the rubbing action of magnetic abrasive particles with the work surface. The order of temperature rise is important to study, as finishing mechanism and surface integrity of work materials depend upon it. The measurement of temperature distribution during MAF operation at the interface of work piece and flexible magnetic abrasive brush (FMAB) interface is difficult. In the present analysis, finite element based ANSYS software has been used to model and simulate magnetic field distribution, magnetic pressure and temperature distribution at work-brush interface during the process. In this work the maximum magnetic flux density has been simulated of the order of 0.223 T at 0.91 A of current in electromagnet coil. Magnetic pressure on MAPs due to magnetic field of electromagnetic coil has been calculated to evaluate the frictional heat flux generated at the work-brush interface. Transient thermal analysis of workpiece domain has been performed to predict the temperature rise due to frictional heat flux. The predicted temperature on work-brush interface was found in the range of 34–51 °C. The developed simulation results based on FEA have been validated with experimental findings. 相似文献
127.
The aggregation and deposition of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) determines their transport and fate in natural waters.Therefore,the aggregation kinetics of humic-acid treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes(HA-MWCNTs) was investigated by time-resolved dynamic light scattering in NaCl and CaCl_2 electrolyte solutions.Increased ionic strength induced HA-MWCNT aggregation due to the less negative zeta potential and the reduced electrostatic repulsion.The critical coagulation concentration(CCC) values of HA-MWCNTs were 80 mmol/L in NaCl and 1.3 mmol/L in CaCl_2 electrolyte,showing that Ca~(2+) causes more serious aggregation than Na~+.The aggregation behavior of HA-MWCNTs was consistent with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek theory.The deposition kinetics of HA-MWCNTs was measured by the optical absorbance at 800 ran.The critical deposition concentrations for HA-MWCNT in NaCl and CaCl_2 solutions were close to the CCC values,therefore the rate of deposition cannot be increased by changing the ionic strength in the diffusion-limited aggregation regime.The deposition process was correlated to the aggregation since larger aggregates increased gravitational deposition and decreased random Brownian diffusion.HA-MWCNTs hydrodynamic diameters were evaluated at 5,15 and 25℃.Higher temperature caused faster aggregation due to the reduced electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion and collision frequency.HA-MWCNTs aggregate faster at higher temperature in either NaCl or CaCl_2electrolyte due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion and increased random Brownian motion.Our results suggest that CNT aggregation and deposition are two correlated processes governed by the electrolyte,and CNT transport is favored at low ionic strength and low temperature. 相似文献
128.
R. Matarrese V. De Pasquale L. Guerriero A. Morea G. Pasquariello G. Umgiesser 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3):225-237
Monitoring and managing small coastal ecosystems requires a considerable understanding of the temporal dynamics of biophysical factors describing the coastal water systems. For this reason, daily observation from space could be a very efficient tool. The objective of the work described in this paper is to evaluate the contribution of remote sensing to the continuous monitoring of coastal areas. It is well known that in coastal areas, the presence of inorganic suspended sediments and coloured dissolved organic matter can make chlorophyll-concentration measurements from remote sensing difficult. To overcome these difficulties, an alternative approach to the SeaWiFS standard chlorophyll algorithm is presented, based on a semi-analytic model for sea water and on the use of MODIS data as input in a model for atmospheric effects removal. Moreover, land contamination (mixed sea–land pixels) can introduce ambiguities in sea-surface temperature measurements from remote sensing. This paper proposes the use of a hydrodynamic model as a time–space interpolator of in situ campaign data, to extensively validate the temperature values extracted from AVHRR sensor. We validated the proposed approach, using experimental field data collected over a two-year campaign in the Taranto Gulf. The results seem to indicate a good agreement between remote-sensed and in situ data. 相似文献
129.
钢结构经常用于建筑大空间环境。因为使用和功能要求,建筑大空间内通常无法设置防火墙来阻止火灾的水平传播,而是通过设置燃烧岛、防火舱及防火隔离带等措施将可燃物限制在一定区域内。大空间内可能的火灾为区域火灾。给出了模拟大空间火灾的理论模型和升温计算简单公式。公式基于火羽流相关理论,并引入工程相关常数得到。通过工况分析,考察了两种不同火灾场景,公式的计算结果与场模拟软件FDS结果进行了比较,二者符合良好。所给出的公式形式简单,式中参数的物理意义明确,推荐用于实际工程计算。 相似文献
130.
针对船用增压锅炉在频繁启、停炉过程中,热防护砖衬结构中的耐火材料易出现的断裂、脱落等问题,采用有限元分析法对热防护砖衬结构进行强度校核,分析出现损伤的结构部件及耐火材料发生断裂的原因,对增压锅炉的安全使用与预防损坏具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献