木材表面火蔓延特性的动态测量研究

通过模拟实验,对不同工况下木材表面的火蔓延特性进行了动态测量研究。首先应用火焰结构显示技术连续观察和记录了木材表面的火蔓延行为和火焰的热结构;其次,利用温度示踪技术对火蔓延过程进行了动态观测,进而获取了在不同条件下的火蔓延速度并分析讨论了木材表面火蔓延的机理。     

Temperatures and Locations Used by Hibernating Bats,Including <Emphasis Type="Italic">Myotis sodalis</Emphasis> (Indiana Bat), in a Limestone Mine: Implications for Conservation and Management

Understanding temperatures used by hibernating bats will aid conservation and management efforts for many species. A limestone mine with 71 km of passages, used as a hibernaculum by approximately 30,000 bats, was visited four times during a 6-year period. The mine had been surveyed and mapped; therefore, bats could be precisely located and temperatures (T _s) of the entire hibernaculum ceiling accurately mapped. It was predicted that bats should hibernate between 5 and 10°C to (1) use temperatures that allow a near minimal metabolic rate, (2) maximize the duration of hibernation bouts, (3) avoid more frequent and prolonged arousal at higher temperatures, (4) avoid cold and freezing temperatures that require an increase in metabolism and a decrease in duration of hibernation bouts or that could cause death, and (5) balance benefits of a reduced metabolic rate and costs of metabolic depression. The distribution of each species was not random for location (P < 0.000) or T _s (P < 0.000). Myotis sodalis (Indiana bat) was most restricted in areas occupied, hibernating in thermally stable yet cold areas ( = 8.4 ± 1.7°C); 99% associated with cement block walls and sheltered alcoves, which perhaps dampened air movement and temperature fluctuations. Myotis lucifugus (little brown myotis) hibernated in colder, more variable areas ( = 7.2 ± 2.6°C). Myotis septentrionalis (northern myotis), Pipistrellus subflavus (eastern pipistrelle), and Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat) typically hibernated in warm, thermally stable areas ( = 9.1 ± 0.2°C, = 9.6 ± 1.9°C, and = 9.5 ± 1.5°C, respectively). These data do not indicate that hibernacula for M. sodalis, an endangered species, should be manipulated to cool below 5°C.     

城镇生活污水的低温厌氧生物处理技术研究与应用进展

归纳了厌氧过程处理低温生活污水的运行机制和影响因素总结了污水中典型污染物的去除特征评述了国内外厌氧反应器对低温生活污水的处理效能以及如何通过改进反应器自身结构及运行参数来应对低温、低浓度对厌氧反应器运行的不利影响最后介绍了厌氧反应器在资源化利用和能源回收方面的应用以及实际工程案例,并指出了存在的问题与今后研究的方向。     

Investigation of three system shut-down strategies alongside optimization suggestion for proton exchange membrane fuel cells via in-situ measurements

ABSTRACT

Carbon corrosion caused by H₂/O₂ interface during the shut-down process is one of the factors that exacerbate the overall degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) in automotive applications. Numerous studies have shown that system strategies are beneficial for reducing the duration of H₂/O₂ interface and alleviating performance degradation. In this paper, three different shut-down strategies are investigated and compared based on the internal behaviors acquired by in-situ measurements. For the three shut-down strategies, reverse current and high potential are mainly observed in a lower constant current and constant power strategy. Comparatively speaking, the internal uniformity of the cell under constant current and power load is better than that with constant voltage strategy when the shut-down time is about the same. The results suggest that adopting a higher constant power load followed by a larger voltage load during the shut-down process can effectively shorten the shut-down time and relieve carbon corrosion. These results add significant new insights into the shut-down process and will be of practical importance in directing design of combined shut-down strategy that can withstand carbon corrosion.     

SBR法处理高浓度有机废水试验研究

采用序批式活性污泥法（SBR），对处理高浓度化工废水进行了实验研究，结果表明，温度是影响SBR法处理效果的一处重要因素，其次是pH值、曝气量和周期，并在一定条件下，可得到75％的CODcr去除率。     

不同盐度、温度下的废泥浆固化处理技术

钻井过程中产生的废钻井液对环境危害性极大,而固化处理是现阶段钻井液处理的主要研究方向。本文结合国内外关于废泥浆处理的技术资料并吸收其研究方法和已有成果,利用研发出的KG系列固化剂,根据不同盐度、温度下的废泥浆、污泥、岩屑的污染情况,研究出与之适应的固化处理方法,从而在经济和技术上保证川西地区和新疆油田的废泥浆固化处理能够有效施行。本研究改进了目前不同的盐度、温度下固化作业施工中如何确保施工质量的问题,优化了现有技术水平。     

膜—生物反应器特性影响因素研究

通过对外压管式膜组件与曝气池构成的好氧膜生物反应器的研究，分别考究膜组件的操作压力，膜面流速以及活性污泥混合液的污泥浓度，溶解性有机特的含量和温度等对膜通量的影响。     

逆温对吴淞工业区大气质量影响个例分析

以吴淞工业区冬夏二次大气质量监测数据和同时期龙华观象台的探空资料为依据,详细地描述了逆温对大气污染物(SO_2和NO_x)时空变化的影响,并阐述了形成这样的空间分布的污染源排放特点和主要贡献源。为环境管理和规划的实施,提供了科学依据。