环境敏感地区纺织染整工业锑污染物排放限值探究

在对纺织染整企业集聚、环境位置敏感的两个典型区域调研的基础上,通过类似重金属标准和毒性类比、排污治理情况及水体底泥中锑含量的分析、水环境承载力和允许排放浓度计算等技术论证,提出环境敏感地区纺织染整工业锑的排放限值按不同排放情形可分别设定为0.1 mg/L和0.05 mg/L。工程实例表明,采用基于聚合硫酸铁混凝沉淀法的高低浓度废水分质处理技术可满足排放限值要求,且经济成本可接受。     

Assessment of water pollution in different bleaching based paper manufacturing and textile dyeing industries in India

Paper industries using different raw materials such as hard wood, bamboo, baggase, rice-straw and waste papers and bleaching chemicals like chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, sulphite and oxygen were studied to estimate organic pollution load and Adsorbable Organic Halides (AOX) per ton of production. The hard wood based paper industries generate higher Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) loads (105–182 kg t⁻¹) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) loads (32.0–72 kg t⁻¹) compared to the agro and waste paper based industrial effluents. The bleaching sequences such as C–EP–H–H, C–E–H–H, C–E–Do–D1 and O–Do–EOP–D1 are adopted in the paper industries and the molecular elemental chlorine free bleaching sequence discharges low AOX in the effluent. The range of AOX concentration in the final effluent from the paper industries was 0.08–0.99 kg t⁻¹ of production. Water consumption was in the range of 100–130 m³ t⁻¹ of paper production for wood based industries and 30–50 m³ for the waste paper based industries. Paper machine effluents are partially recycled after treatment and pulp mill black liquor are subject to chemical recovery after evaporation to reduce the water consumption and the total pollution loads. Hypochlorite bleaching units of textile bleaching processes generate more AOX (17.2–18.3 mg l⁻¹) and are consuming more water (45–80 l kg⁻¹) whereas alkali peroxide bleaching hardly generates the AOX in the effluents and water consumption was also comparatively less (40 l kg⁻¹ of yarn/cloth).     

纺织厂车间噪声的灰色GIM（1）预测模型

利用灰色ＧＩＭ（１）模型的非时序直接建模法原理,对纺织厂织造车间的环境噪声分别建立了等间隔和不等间隔的非时序预测模型。实测研究表明ＧＩＭ（１）模型优于常规ＧＭ（１,１）模型,且所需建模数据大为减少,预测精度更高（达９９．９９％）,从而拓宽了灰色预测的适用范围。     

阻燃纺织品的生产现状及发展趋势

回顾了阻燃纺织品的发展历程,并预测了未来发展的趋势。扼要介绍了阻燃纤维和阻燃织物的研究现状和研究热点;论述了阻燃技术的进展;提出了开发新阻燃纺织品的思路     

镁盐对水溶性阴离子染料废水的脱色研究

将含有各种水溶性染料,包括活性染料、酸性染料、直接染料和阳离子型染料的模拟废水为试验对象,系统地研究了镁盐在染料废水脱色过程中的作用。结果表明,对大多数阴离子型染料,脱色效果均十分显著,而对阳离子型染料效果则不明显,最佳pH值为11.5。氢氧化钙与镁盐处理具有协同效应。脱色作用的机理在于形成的氢氧化镁的吸附作用。试验数据由Langmuir等温方程进一步证实。     

Influence of short-term irrigation of textile mill wastewater on the growth of chickpea cultivars

The effect of textile mill wastewater on germination, delay index, physiological growth parameters, and plant pigments of two cultivars of chickpea was studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of textile mill wastewater (treated and untreated) at different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) for irrigational purposes. The textile effluent did not show any inhibitory effect on seed germination at a lower concentration (6.25%). The other reported plant parameters (delay index, root length, shoot length, dry weight, chlorophyll, and carotenoid) also followed a similar trend. Seeds germinated in 100% effluents but did not survive for longer periods. It has also been concluded that the effect of the textile effluent is cultivar-specific, and due care should be taken before using the textile mill wastewater for irrigation purposes.     

Performance of an overland flow system for advanced treatment of wastewater plant effluent

Overland flow (OF) systems were evaluated and compared for advanced treatment of municipal and industrial effluents, including nutrients and nondegradable chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal. Three pilot plants were constructed at the Shahin Shahr Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP), Isfahan, Iran. Each pilot was assigned a specific wastewater and all were simultaneously operated for 8 months. Treatment of primary effluent, activated sludge secondary effluent, and lagoon effluent of textile wastewater was investigated at application rates (ARs) of 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35m(3)m(-1)h(-1). During 5 months of stable operation after a 3-month acclimation period, mean removals of total 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (TBOD(5)), total COD (TCOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and turbidity were 74.5%, 54.8%, 66.2%, 39.4%, 35.8%, and 67.7% for primary effluent; 52.9%, 52.9%, 66.5%, 44.4%, 39.8%, and 50.1% for activated sludge effluent; 65.7%, 58.7%, 70.3%, 41.7%, 41.3%, and 54.9% for textile wastewater lagoon effluent, respectively. The model of Smith and Schroeder, 1985. Field studies of the overland flow process for the treatment of raw and primary treated municipal wastewater. Journal of Water Pollution Control Federation 57, 785-794] was satisfactory for TBOD(5). For all treatment parameters a standard first-order removal model was inadequate to represent the data but a modified first-order model provided a satisfactory fit to the data. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that an OF system as advanced treatment had the ability to meet effluent discharge permit limits and was an economical replacement for stabilization ponds and mechanical treatment options.     

Possibilities and limitations of a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view

This article presents a method for a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view as well as the results of testing this method in practice. Based on these results and on an analysis of existing technology information systems, an estimation is made of the general possibilities and limitations of a comparative assessment of process technologies from a cleaner production point of view. Finally, the resulting consequences for the definition of ‘best available techniques' in accordance with the new EC Council Directive Concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) are discussed. This article argues that apart from the difficulties related to the valuation of different kinds of materials and energy a major limiting factor is caused by the fact that the function of a production has to be defined very precisely to enable a comparison between different types of process technologies in sufficient detail.     

高浓度脱浆污水的湿式氧化法处理研究

介绍了采用湿式空气氧化法（ＷＡＯ）对来自香港两个纺织工厂的脱浆污水进行处理的效果。所用装置为１台２Ｌ的高温高压釜。操作工况为：温度１５０￣２９０℃，氧分压０．３７５￣２．２５ＭＰａ。在每个试验的不同过程中监测了ｐＨ值、ＣＯＤ、ＴＯＣ的变化，以评估各个过程的转化效果。还研究了温度、氧分压及反应时间对处理效果的影响。对生化性很差的化学纤维脱浆污水，其ＣＯＤ、ＴＯＣ去除率分别达到９０％和８０％。