Distinct community assembly processes underlie significant spatiotemporal dynamics of abundant and rare bacterioplankton in the Yangtze River

• Season and landform influenced spatiotemporal patterns of abundant and rare taxa. • Different stochastic processes dominated abundant and rare subcommunity assembly. • River flow and suspended solids regulated assembly processes of rare taxa. The rare microbial biosphere provides broad ecological services and resilience to various ecosystems. Nevertheless, the biogeographical patterns and assembly processes of rare bacterioplankton communities in large rivers remain uncertain. In this study, we investigated the biogeography and community assembly processes of abundant and rare bacterioplankton taxa in the Yangtze River (China) covering a distance of 4300 km. The results revealed similar spatiotemporal patterns of abundant taxa (AT) and rare taxa (RT) at both taxonomic and phylogenetic levels, and analysis of similarities revealed that RT was significantly influenced by season and landform than AT. Furthermore, RT correlated with more environmental factors than AT, whereas environmental and spatial factors explained a lower proportion of community shifts in RT than in AT. The steeper distance–decay slopes in AT indicated higher spatial turnover rates of abundant subcommunities than rare subcommunities. The null model revealed that both AT and RT were mainly governed by stochastic processes. However, dispersal limitation primarily governed the AT, whereas the undominated process accounted for a higher fraction of stochastic processes in RT. River flow and suspended solids mediated the balance between the stochastic and deterministic processes in RT. The spatiotemporal dynamics and assembly processes of total taxa were more similar as AT than RT. This study provides new insights into both significant spatiotemporal dynamics and inconsistent assembly processes of AT and RT in large rivers.     

长三角地区人口密度模型及增长模式:1982～2010

基于熵值法对上海、南京和杭州影响力进行综合评价,运用Arc GIS点距离工具测算各空间单元到沪宁杭的距离,然后借鉴重力模型,将长三角地区划分为以上海、南京和杭州为中心的3个城市经济区,并进行区域人口密度模型拟合。相比线性、指数和乘幂模型,对数模型能更好地拟合经济区内各县、县级市或市辖区人口密度与其到各自经济区中心距离的关系。而相比上述基础模型,基于基础模型的二次模型拟合的判定系数更高,拟合效果更好。其中,对数二次模型拟合的判定系数最高,且明显优于基础模型。基于对数二次模型的人口密度变动的空间差异,沪、宁、杭经济区增长模式可以总结为强向心集聚和近域扩散,但不同区域不同时段增长模式存在差异。     

长江三角洲水环境治理

长江三角洲是我国经济最发达的地区之一。社会经济的高速发展，使得该区水资源的需求量加大，污染物排放置增多，水环境恶化，造成水质型缺水并影响该地区的可持续发展，水环境治理迫在眉睫。长江三角洲的主要水问题有洪涝灾害、干旱缺水、水环境恶化三大问题，其中水环境恶化是核心。水环境恶化导致地表水资源供水不足，迫使地下水过量开采，引起地面沉降，加剧了洪涝灾害。长江三角洲水环境恶化久治不见大效并有加剧趋势，主要原因是造成长江三角洲水环境恶化的点源污染虽已基本得到控制，但面源污染、内源污染仍末得到有效的治理。因此，长江三角洲水环境治理应总结过去工作中的经验和教训，以及水污染主要污染源的变化，调整水环境治理和保护的思路。建议改部分治理为整体治理、单项治理为综合治理，并以水环境承载力和水资源承载力观点指导水环境治理和保护，使长江三角洲水资源得到可持续利用。     

湘南红壤丘陵区农户经济行为对土地退化的影响分析——以祁东县紫云村为例

通过在湖南省祁东县紫云材进行的土地利用及农户经济行为调查,从土地状况、从业选择、农具、农田设施、耕作方式和效益等方面,分析了湘南红壤丘陵区农户社会经济行为对土地质量的影响。结果表明：紫云村农户重“品种”轻“土壤”,水田土壤有机质含量减少,理化性状变差,土壤自然肥力降低,旱地、林地粗放经营,质量退化。改变农户只重“品种”而忽视“土壤”的观念、提高耕地复种指数、建立合理的轮作体系和水土保持型高效集约持续的耕作制度、加强林业管理和经营、加大农业投入、搞好农田水利建设是防止本区土地退化和保证本区农业可持续发展的对策。     

长江三角洲都市连绵区可持续发展战略研究

长江三角洲都市连绵区已成为我国经济最发达的地区之一 ,但与国外发达国家都市连绵区相比面临着一系列资源、环境、产业结构与行政管理等方面的问题。港澳回归并和珠江三角洲结合以及多条新的南北通道出现将使长江三角洲地区在全国的地位遭到进一步的挑战。有鉴于此 ,本文提出一系列实施长江三角洲都市连绵区可持续发展的战略 :(1)建设上海国际经济中心城市 ;(2 )加速城市化进程 ,促进都市连绵区最终形成 ;(3)加大支柱产业、跨国公司、高新技术产业与园区和基础设施投入 ;(4 )加强长江三角洲都市连绵区内部的分工与协作 ;(5)加强政府对区域发展的调控能力 ;(6)开展跨行政区规划 ,促进长江三角洲的持续发展     

The future of the Black Sea: More pollution in over half of the rivers

The population in the Black Sea region is expected to decline in the future. However, a better understanding of how river pollution is affected by declining trends in population and increasing trends in economic developments and urbanization is needed. This study aims to quantify future trends in point-source emissions of nutrients, microplastics, Cryptosporidium, and triclosan to 107 rivers draining into the Black Sea. We apply a multi-pollutant model for 2010, 2050, and 2100. In the future, over half of the rivers will be more polluted than in 2010. The population in 74 sub-basins may drop by over 25% in our economic scenario with poor wastewater treatment. Over two-thirds of the people will live in cities and the economy may grow 9-fold in the region. Advanced wastewater treatment could minimize trade-offs between economy and pollution: our Sustainability scenario projects a 68–98% decline in point-source pollution by 2100. Making this future reality will require coordinated international efforts.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-022-01780-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

住宅小区建设环境影响评价

居住区环境是对人们身心健康产生着直接影响的外界环境类别,特别是在现在城市中的居住小区建设施工与投入使用过程当中,更是会对周围的区域产生或多或少的环境影响。本文主要从住宅小区建设环境影响评价的角度对住宅小区建设时候的各种烟尘、噪声污染对环境的影响进行评估并提出改善建议措施。     

山东沿海的9216号台风暴潮灾害

在１９９２年第１６号强热带风暴和天文大潮的作用下，山东沿海发生了特大风暴潮灾害，直接经济损失４３．５亿元，死亡７６人；砂质海岸遭受强烈侵蚀，损失土地约１４５．３ｈａ。     

黄河下游泥沙灾害初步研究

基于黄河下游对泥沙运动与泥沙灾害发生的关系问题进行了分析。认为下游泥沙灾害类型主要包括洪水、河岸侵蚀、土地沙化、水涝和土地盐碱化, 并认为改造下游泥沙灾害环境应通过改变泥沙堆积分布入手。     

自然灾害区划若干理论问题的探讨

自然灾害区划是对灾害的区域差异性的认识和分类评估并按一定标准在空间上进行划分的过程,是进行灾害宏观研究和预报的重要方法之一。本文阐述了灾害区划的理论基础、原则、指标、方法与程序,并论述了灾害区划的主要类型。