Environmental impact assessment: The work of the OECD

This report describes the work of an international group that is supported in part by the Dutch Ministry for Environment and is chaired by Frans Evers, the Ministry's Deputy Director-General for Environmental Protection.     

Effects of exposure of crocodiles to sublethal concentrations of Petroleum waste drilling fluid in the Niger Delta basin of Midwestern Nigeria

Static bioassay were carried out using two aquatic crocodiles (the short nosed crocodile, Osteolemus tetraspis and the Nile crocodile, Crocodilus niloticus) as test organisms in soft natural dilution water, with Petroleum waste drilling fluid as the test material, at 28 ± 2 °C. Comparison of results for the control and different concentrations of the waste drilling fluid were made by means of the F-statistic method. Both crocodile species exhibited a high insensitivity to the undiluted waste drilling fluid and the different dilutions. Differences in concentration of waste drilling fluid did not influence the response of crocodiles to the potential toxicant. Percentage of deaths which was never greater than 0.2% in control tanks was not significantly different from that in test tanks where mortality values of organisms was typically 1.6% or less in most cases. There was a delay toxicant – induced mortality effect.     

全球能源消费与CO2排放量

在收集全球能源储量和流通状况的基础上，综述了世界各地区能源消费量和各国人均能源水平，汇总了全球ＣＯ２排放总量及各大洲对全球ＣＯ２排放量的贡献率，到２１００年，全球Ｃ矿量预计将从目前６０亿ｔ／ａ增加到３６０亿ｔ／ａ，同时，旨出１９９６年中世界人口１８．８％的北美、欧洲、日本、ＣＯ２排放３１．６亿ｔ（碳），占全球当年ＣＯ２排放总量的５２．４％。     

黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物多样性研究

以文献资料和定性调查相结合的方法，综合分析了黄河三角洲附近海域浮游动物物种多样性；以定量调查结果，探讨了浮游动物多样度以及与均度、单纯度之间的关系。结果表明： 该海域浮游动物物种占中国海的５－７ ％ ，占渤海的５１－７％ ；浮游动物多样度在０－１０ ～２－２８ 之间，均度在０－０２～０－９７ 之间，单纯度在０－１４ ～０－９９ 之间；多样度与均度呈显著的正相关，与单纯度呈显著的负相关。     

四川省金川县土地利用结构的初步研究

金川县地处青藏高原向横断山脉深切峡谷过渡地带,在土地利用上具有明显的立体结构。森林采伐、土地开垦都在不断改变土地利用的状况。怎样合理利用土地,成为目前突出的问题。本文以1/20万土地利用现状图量算面积及1984年以前的统计资料为基础,着重分析了土地利用结构及其调整问题。     

珠江三角洲腹地洪水位异常变化及成因分析

珠江三角洲是我国东南沿海的经济发达地区.三角洲地区的防洪安全保障对区域的社会、经济发展具有举足轻重的作用.由于三角洲地区复杂的网河及口门构成,以及径流和潮汐共同影响的水动力条件,使三角洲的洪水水势表现出随时间和空间复杂变化的动态特征.20世纪80年代以来,三角洲地区受水土资源无序开发的人类活动的影响,90年代的洪水表现出了网河腹地河段洪水位异常壅高的现象,使区域的防洪安全受到严重威胁.结合"94.6","98.6"洪水期间三角洲腹地洪水水位异常壅高现象,综合分析了区域洪水位异常壅高的外部及内在成因,为科学制订三角洲地区防洪对策提供技术依据.     

荷兰与欧盟环境培训考察报告

2002年5月19日至6月10日,荷兰鹿特丹住宅与城市发展研究学院(1HS)举办的中国市长、环保局长、专家环境管理与可持续发展培训班给我们一些有益的启示,西方国家的经验与政策对我国解决环境问题具有借鉴意义。     

Nigerian Supreme Court and ownership of offshore oil

This article discusses the decision of the Supreme Court of Nigeria on the constitutional provision dealing with the sharing of revenues derived from natural resources located within the states of the Federation, the ‘derivation principle.’ Although the case relates to the interpretation of a constitutional provision, the arguments of the parties suggest that the real battle was — and still is — about the ownership and control of Nigeria's offshore oil. The article details the legal history and precedents as well as constitutional provisions relevant to the case. Disagreements arose over legal questions such as the seaward boundaries of littoral states (from which oil revenues are derived), and whether a distinction can be made between offshore and onshore oil revenues in applying a 13% constitutionally prescribed derivation principle. The article shows that, in its judgment, Nigeria's Supreme Court relied heavily on rules of international law, while failing to apply existing Nigerian laws and constitutional provision, and argues that the decision might have been different had the court investigated and invoked the legislative history of the provision in question, as required in Nigerian law. Furthermore, it is argued that the court was wrong to disregard the provision of the law which had abolished any distinction between onshore and offshore natural resources in the application of the derivation principle. The article concludes that the legal tug of war is set to continue for some years.     

Alternating nitrification-denitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real\|time control strategies. Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0-1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS·d) and 0.20-0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS·d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVI value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.     

基于国家粮食安全的长江三角洲地区耕地保护探讨

从经济增长规律与发展阶段来看,作为中国经济发展的核心区域之一,长江三角洲地区耕地的减少趋势还将持续一定时期。分析了长江三角洲地区粮食及耕地现状,通过相关性分析得到耕地预测模型,并预测了未来耕地变化态势,揭示出耕地损失率高峰值将在“十一五”期间出现。通过国家粮食安全的态势判断以及长江三角洲地区耕地减少与国家粮食安全之间的关系分析,得出长江三角洲地区耕地面积的减少所导致的粮食减产对国家粮食安全的影响较小,而国家粮食安全水平的变化会影响长江三角洲地区的粮食有效供给的结论。从而提出耕地保护的思路：“十一五”期间,长江三角洲地区应采取积极的保护政策;进入“十二五”之后,耕地保护政策应转为严格控制。为此,还提出了重在保护质量、保护其生态景观功能、加大后备资源开发、减少非农占用、加强政策管理等对策建议。