区域规划环评中大气环境监测点位布设研究

探讨了大气环境监测点位的布设方法,在区域规划环境影响评价布设大气监测点位时,应综合考虑开发区的功能区划分、区内产业分布及环境敏感点分布等情况;结合规划区内外现状及规划实施后重点污染源的位置及排放高度,根据区域污染气象条件,采用Gauss模式预测最大浓度落地点,并以此作为区域大气环境监测点的布设依据.对某区域开发规划案例进行了大气环境监测点位布设研究,通过实践,该布设方法不仅可以反映区域大气环境质量现状的空间分布特征,而且可以为区域大气环境预测提供良好的数据支持,为优化区域规划提供依据;同时,对规划后的污染源最大浓度落地点的监测,可以为单个项目的环境预测提供背景值,起到简化入区建设项目环评的作用.     

Socioeconomic evaluation of the impact of natural resource stressors on human-use services in the Great Lakes environment: A Lake Michigan case study

The Great Lakes watershed is home to over 40 million people (Canadian and U.S.) who depend on a healthy Great Lakes ecosystem for economic, societal, and personal vitality. The challenge to policymakers and the public is to balance economic benefits with the need to conserve and replenish regional natural resources in a manner that ensures long term prosperity. Nine critical broad-spectrum stressors of ecological services are identified, which include pollution and contamination, agricultural erosion, non-native species, degraded recreational resources, loss of wetlands habitat, climate change, risk of clean water shortage, vanishing sand dunes, and population overcrowding. Many of these stressors overlap. For example, mining activities alone can create stress in at least five of these categories. The focus groups were conducted to examine the public’s awareness of, concern with, and willingness to expend resources on these stressors. This helped generate a grouping of stressors that the public is especially concerned about, those they care little about, and everything else in between. Stressors that the respondents have direct contact with tend to be the most important to them. This approach of using focus groups is a critical first step in helping natural resource managers such as Trustees and NGOs understand what subsequent steps to take and develop policy measures that are of most interest and value to the public. Skipping or glossing over this key first task could lead to difficulties with respect to survey design and model development in a non-market valuation study. The focus group results show that concern related to pollution and contamination is much higher than for any of the others. It is thus clear that outreach programs may be necessary to educate the public about the severity of some low-ranked stressors including climate change.     

Seasonal variation of Ra/Ra ratio in seaweed: implications for water circulation patterns in coastal areas of the Noto Peninsula, Japan

To examine water circulation patterns of coastal water, 72 seaweed (Sargasso) samples and 27 coastal water samples were collected from coastal areas of the Noto Peninsula, Japan, during the period from December 1998 to June 2002. The (228)Ra and (226)Ra activities of those samples were measured by low-background gamma-ray spectrometry. There was a wide range of activities of (228)Ra (0.5-2Bq/kg-fresh) and (226)Ra (0.5-1.2Bq/kg-fresh) in the Sargasso samples. The (228)Ra/(226)Ra activity ratio of Sargasso samples exhibited seasonal variation with minimum values in June ((228)Ra/(226)Ra= approximately 1) and maximum values in December (1.5-2.5), which was mainly governed by changes in (228)Ra activity. It is also notable that the seasonal variation of the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio of Sargasso is in approximate agreement with that of the ambient coastal water. Sargasso samples appear to have retained the (228)Ra/(226)Ra ratio of the ambient coastal waters, and the temporal variations in that ratio provide insight into seasonal changes in water circulation in the Noto Peninsula coastal area.     

长三角经济一体化的关键：产业结构的调整与互动

首先分析了国际经济一体化组织 ——欧盟产生的原因、发展历程、达到的目的，提出经济一体化的关键和实质是产业结构的调整与互动。在此基础上分析了长江三角洲地区两省一市产业结构的特点及存在的问题，即该地区已进入由重化工业和高加工度化制造业为主导的工业化中后期发展阶段，但不同地区的经济发展水平仍存在一定的差距，产业结构呈阶梯状特征，制造业结构有明显的地域分工，部分产业集聚度低，产业的地区间转移受阻。最后对长江三角洲地区产业结构调整与互动提出了对策和建议：要充分发挥上海的龙头作用；以世博会为契机，推进长江三角洲第三产业的一体化发展；加快跨地区大型企业集团的建立等。     

Information requirements of integrated environmental policy experiences in the Netherlands

During the last few years in the Netherlands an integrated environmental policy has been developed. Solving environmental problems by means of effective and efficient solutions requires that the entire environmental cycle be considered in order to take all relevant compartments and aspects into account. Four different phases can be identified during the treatment of an environmental problem by management: recognition, formulation, solution, and control.Some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the information demand of environmental policy are explored. Special attention is given to the consequences of the integral approach in environmental policy in terms of information requirements. The process of information supply starts with an analysis of the demand. Subsequently data from the environmental cycle have to be selected, aggregated, and presented adequately. Further, integrated environmental policy puts increased demands on the associative power of environmental information systems.     

长江三角洲都市连绵区可持续发展战略研究

长江三角洲都市连绵区已成为我国经济最发达的地区之一 ,但与国外发达国家都市连绵区相比面临着一系列资源、环境、产业结构与行政管理等方面的问题。港澳回归并和珠江三角洲结合以及多条新的南北通道出现将使长江三角洲地区在全国的地位遭到进一步的挑战。有鉴于此 ,本文提出一系列实施长江三角洲都市连绵区可持续发展的战略 :(1)建设上海国际经济中心城市 ;(2 )加速城市化进程 ,促进都市连绵区最终形成 ;(3)加大支柱产业、跨国公司、高新技术产业与园区和基础设施投入 ;(4 )加强长江三角洲都市连绵区内部的分工与协作 ;(5)加强政府对区域发展的调控能力 ;(6)开展跨行政区规划 ,促进长江三角洲的持续发展     

长江三角洲开发区建设与发展的比较研究

长江三角洲是我国沿海规模最大的经济区 ,上海市、江苏沿江的南京、镇江、扬州、泰州、苏州、无锡、常州、南通等八市、浙江省的嘉兴、湖州、杭州、宁波、绍兴、舟山等六市都属于长江三角洲经济区的范围 ,土地总面积 996 87.5km2 ,占全国土地总面积的 1%。 1998年全区人口 74 4 5 .6 9万人 ,GDP总量 12 70 1.39亿元。长江三角洲是我国经济最发达 ,人口分布最密集 ,城市化水平最高的地区之一。阐明了长江三角洲开发区建设和发展的基本特征。指出 ,长江三角洲是我国对外开放最早 ,开发区建设数量最多 ,类型最齐全的地区 ,它拥有经济技术开发区、高新技术开发区、农业现代化园区、旅游度假区和保税区等多种类型。经过多年来的开发建设 ,长江三角洲开发区投资的基础设施环境和社会软环境都很好 ,在招商引资方面取得了巨大成就。这些开发区已经成为了其地方经济新的增长点 ,新的制造业基地 ,高科技发展基地 ,外商投资和跨国公司的集聚地。通过对上海、江苏、浙江各种类型开发区的外商投资规模、产业经济结构、城市建设功能和外向型经济格局的比较 ,揭示了长江三角洲开发区建设和发展的区域差异。明确了上海开发区建设在长江三角洲的龙头地位 ,分析了浙江省开发区建设落后于江苏省的主要原因 ,总结出了愈靠近     

珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展空间差异的研究

本文以经济、社会和资源环境为基础 ,构建珠江三角洲经济区可持续发展的指标体系 ,并用主成分分析法 ,分析和阐述该区可持续发展的空间分异规律。分析结果客观地反映了珠江三角洲经济区的发展现状 ,可为决策管理部门制定可持续发展方案提供参考依据     

长三角大都市带人口容量与资源环境支撑能力建设

为推动长三角都市带人口稳定扩容,寻求提高长三角地区资源环境支撑能力的途径。基于国外已经成熟的大都市带,认为产业集聚规模、资源支撑条件、环境承受能力是影响大都市带人口容量的主要因素。根据预测,长三角都市带未来的人口规模为107亿~117亿。通过对支撑长三角都市带经济-人口容量的资源环境要素分析,认为扩大长三角地区的人口容量,关键在于提高长三角地区资源环境的支撑能力,认为未来经济发展所需各类用地保障程度的高低、战略性矿产资源供〖JP2〗给能力的强弱以及区域环境容量的大小是影响长三角都市带人口容量大小的关键因素。建议在国家层面通过土地政策的调整提高长三角大都市带各类功能用地的保障能力,通过建立国家石油储备制度等方式加强战略性矿产资源供给能力建设,同时在长三角大都市带地区率先实施循环经济战略。     

珠江三角洲一次大范围灰霾天气下的空气污染特征分析

利用粤港珠江三角洲区域空气监控网络的监测结果,对2006年10月珠江三角洲一次大范围灰霾过程进行分析,研究灰霾天气下珠江三角洲的空气污染特征。研究表明：灰霾引起空气质量恶化,细颗粒物在可吸入颗粒物中比重上升,多项污染物发生超标,臭氧是首要污染物。时间分布上,PM2.5和O3日均值浓度出现峰值相比SO2、NO2、PM10滞后数日,各站污染物的逐时变化曲线随着各自的主要影响因素不同而表现出不同的特征。空间分布上,珠三角空气污染的区域性特征比较明显,其中佛山-广州-东莞一带是珠三角的污染核心区。