榆林地区能源基地建设水资源保证程度及供水措施

榆林地区是我国重要的能源基地，水资源贫乏是影响该地区工业发展的重要因素。本文通过对区内水资源及其开发利用条件、供需平衡分析后认为，只要兴建水库，调节径流及加强污水处理，增加区域供水能力，区内水资源可以基本满足近阶段经济发展的用水需求。     

Role of Bio-Energy Plantations for Carbon-Dioxide Mitigation with Special Reference to India

Fuelwood plays an important role in the rural economy of the developing countries of Asia and Africa. Optimizing energy fixation in forest trees through high density energy plantations (HDEP), gasification of wood, and conversion of forest tree biomass, are some of the potential areas whereby additional research and development input for efficient management of atmospheric carbon in our energy system can be incorporated. For example, the photosynthetic efficiency of forest trees is rarely above 0.5%, which on the basis of theoretical considerations can be increased by up to 6.6%. Thus there is an ample scope to improve the efficiency up to 1%, which amounts to doubling of the productivity of the forests. Recent policy changes and experiences with wood-based bio-energy programmes in several countries indicate that woodfuels may become increasingly attractive as industrial energy sources. Use of biodiesel and the formulation of a project for undertaking 13.4 million ha of Jatropha plantations in India highlight the seriousness with which the Government of India is promoting carbon neutral energy plantations. The cost of establishment of plantations primarily for fuel production and its conversion to energy are major deterrents in this pursuit. Some of the issues in developing countries, like low productivity on marginal lands, degraded forest lands, and unorganized units for biomass energy conversion, result in cost escalation as compared to other energy sources. This paper revisits the scope for raising energy plantations, a comparison of the direct and indirect mitigation potential uses of plantations as an adaptation strategy through reforestation and afforestation projects for climate change mitigation and socio-economic issues to make this venture feasible in developing countries.     

Microbiological quality of roof tank water in an urban village in southeastern China

Urban villages are unique residential neighborhoods in urban areas in China. Roof tanks are their main form of water supply, and water quality deterioration might occur in this system because of poor hygienic conditions and maintenance. In this study, water samples were seasonally collected from an urban village to investigate the influence of roof tanks as an additional water storage device on the variation in the microbial community structure and pathogenic gene markers. Water stagnation in th...     

热处理温度对TiO_2结构性质及光催化活性的影响

从晶相组成、晶格缺陷密度、表面羟基含量、晶粒尺寸以及比表面积等方面阐述了热处理温度与TiO2光催化剂结构性质的关系,并就混晶效应、载流子输运/俘获以及尺寸量子效应等对光催化活性的影响进行了讨论。此外,还汇总了对水中典型有机污染物的光催化氧化研究以及相关的催化剂结构性质。     

垃圾堆酵对焚烧厂垃圾热值的影响

分析了垃圾焚烧厂的渗滤液；基于渗滤液的体积和ＣＯＤｃｒ值，估算焚烧厂垃圾堆酵对垃圾热影响以及焚烧厂垃圾的适宜堆酵时间，实验结果表明，上海生活垃圾渗滤液是生化性好的高浓度有机废液，堆酵５ｄ，其低位热值〉４６００ＫＪ／ｋｇ，可直接焚烧。     

Late Variscan exhumation histories of the southern Rhenohercynian Zone and western Mid-German Crystalline Rise: results from thermal modeling

Thermal modeling techniques constrained by published petrological and thermo-chronometric data were applied to examine late orogenic burial and exhumation at a Variscan suture zone in Central Europe. The suture separates the southern Rhenohercynian zone from the Mid-German Crystalline Rise and traces the former site of a small oceanic basin. Closure of this basin during Variscan subduction and subsequent collision of continental units were responsible for different tectono-metamorphic evolutions in the suture's footwall and hanging wall. Relative convergence rates between the southern Rhenohercynian zone and western Mid-German Crystalline Rise can be inferred from the pressure-temperature-time evolution of the Northern Phyllite Zone. During Late Viséan-Early Namurian times, horizontal thrusting velocities were at least 20 mm/a. Thermal modeling suggests that exhumation of the Mid-German Crystalline Rise occurred temporarily at rates of more than 3 mm/a. Such rapid exhumation cannot be produced by erosion only, but requires a substantial contribution of extensional strain. Exhumation by upper crustal extension occurred contemporaneously with convergence and is explained by continuous underplating of crustal slices and thrusting along faults with ramp-flat geometry. Finally, implications for the tectono-metamorphic history of the study area and the thermal state of the crust during late Variscan exhumation are discussed.     

造纸污泥热解特性及动力学研究

为了解污泥在氮气氛围下的热解特性,利用热重分析仪对造纸污泥进行了实验研究。实验发现,在10℃/min和20℃/min的升温速率下,污泥热解过程都经历了三个阶段的失重。实验还发现污泥与煤混合物的热解速率在固定碳燃尽阶段与单独污泥热解相比较得到了较大的提高。并根据对热重曲线的分析,得到污泥的反应动力学参数:频率因子和活化能。     

社会最优可持续发展模型的建立与分析

通过对能源、环境、经济和社会发展4者关系的分析，建立了社会可持续发展模型，进而找到了社会最优可持续发展轨迹，为国家或地区社会发展的战略决策提供了可资参考的理论工具，同时进一步深化了可持续发展概念，提出了唯一的社会最优可持续发展概念。     

米草光合作用速率季节变化及其对初级生产的影响

对江苏省滨海具盐沼生态系统中大米草和互花米草群落有关生理生态学指标进行了为期一年的定位观察和测定。结果表明：互花米草和大米草，地上生物量（干重）在９月达到最高值，分别为１７１４ｇ／ｍ￣２和４１９ｇ／ｍ￣２；叶绿素季节变化模式分别呈斜“Ｚ”型和扁“Ｗ”型。两种米草光合作用同化率６月明显高于９月．植物材料能含量变化从１２．５６ｋＪ／ｇ到２０．１０ｋＪ／ｇ。     

Biophysical energy analyses of non-market values of the Ebro Delta

Non-market values were estimated with energy analysis under four land cover scenarios in the Ebro Delta, Spain. The market value of agriculture, the primary use value, is compared. Conversion of the natural landscape to agricultural fields has resulted in a drop in total annual non-market value from $721 million in the pristine scenario to $11 million in the present scenario. The market value of the agricultural crops has risen over time, from $10 million to almost $52 million, contributing the major portion of the total value of the Delta. However, the rate of return has decreased from the pristine to the present delta, indicating that more energy is required to produce a smaller output. Energy analyses reveal that one form of value—non-market value—is being traded for another—market value.