上海地区经济能源与温室效应

本文分析了上海及近邻地区经济发展与温室效应的关系，提出以煤为主的能源消费结构以及不合理的经济结构是加剧温室效应的主要原因并探讨了削弱温室效应的措施。     

Differential use of stored sperm during oviposition in the damselfly Calopteryx splendens xanthostoma (Charpentier)

Female Calopteryx splendens xanthostoma (Charpentier) (Odonata), have two discrete sperm storage organs, the bursa copulatrix and the paired spermathecae. We used the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) profiling technique to determine from which sperm storage organ spermatozoa were used to fertilise eggs during behaviourally distinct oviposition bouts. During oviposition bouts following remating sperm from the bursa copulatrix are largely used to fertilise eggs, but when females avoid remating before an oviposition bout the sperm used to fertilise eggs are derived mainly from the paired spermathecae. Our observations suggest that female C. s. xanthostoma can avoid male paternity assurance mechanisms by a combination of behavioural and anatomical adaptation: the reason(s) they do so is unclear. Received: 28 November 1995/Accepted after revision: 5 August 1996     

受体功能区结构与环境内分泌干扰效应生物差异的关系

环境中存在的多种内分泌干扰物能够与生物体内的天然激素受体选择性结合并产生多种生物效应,由于受体功能区三维结构的不同,其内分泌干扰活性存在着种间、种内、组织间等的种种差异,限制了不同物种间毒性效应的外推研究,增加了环境内分泌干扰物筛选和风险评价的难度.论文综述了基于受体介导的环境内分泌干扰物生物活性与相应受体选择性及受体功能区结构关系的研究进展,并利用分子模拟方法分析探讨了雌激素受体与部分化合物结合作用模式,讨论了目前存在的问题,对以后有关方面的研究提出了建议.     

沿海框围养鱼生态系统能量转换效率的分析

分析了沿海滩地３种框围养鱼方式（即精料、种草、化肥养鱼）的能量转换效率及种草养鱼的经济效益。初步得出：在沿海滩地低投入框围养鱼中应重视对太阳能的利用；种草养鱼在３种养鱼方式中能量转换效率最高，经济效益较佳，应推广种草养鱼技术，提高资源利用率。     

城市垃圾能量估算方法探讨

本文根据Ｄｕｌｏｎｇ公式的计算结果，建立了根据城市垃圾组成的重量百分比估算城市垃圾能量的经验公式，并对它进行了检验。估算结果与Ｄｕｌｏｎｇ公式的计算结果进行相关分析，相关系数在０．９８以上，该经验公式具有较好的推广价值，用此公式对我国部分城市垃圾的能量进行了估算。     

Sperm transfer and storage in relation to sperm competition in Callosobruchus maculatus

This paper examines the underlying mechanisms of sperm competition in the beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Recently developed mathematical models of sperm competition are combined with an empirical investigation of the processes of sperm transfer and storage. During a single insemination virgin males transfer approximately 46000 sperm, 85% more sperm than females can effectively store in their spermathecae. Many of these sperm remain in the bursa copulatrix where they are apparently rapidly degraded and can therefore play no role in fertilization. The spermatheca (primary site of sperm storage) is filled by a single insemination and sperm are lost from this organ at a constant rate. This rate of sperm loss from the spermatheca is insufficient for sperm mixing (without displacement) or sperm stratification to account for the degree of last male sperm precedence measured as P ₂; the proportion of offspring fathered by the second male to mate reported for this species (P ₂ = 0.83, when two inseminations are separated by 24 h). Models of sperm displacement correctly predict high levels of sperm precedence although the precision of these predictions is limited because the proportion of sperm entering the spermatheca cannot be accurately determined. The results suggested that last male sperm precedence in C. maculatus the result of sperm displacement, although the exact mechanism of displacement (sperm-for-sperm or fluid displacement) remains unknown. Possible constraints imposed by female genital anatomy on sperm displacement are discussed.     

3OCrMnSiA钢的快速循环球化退火的研究

通过对30CrMnSiA钢的球化退火工艺进行的研究,推荐了一种适用于该材料的最佳快速循环球化退火工艺,不仅节能效果明显,而且工艺操作简单,质量稳定。所得结果对生产中正确选择球化工艺有一定的指导意义。     

新世纪的清洁能源--燃料电池

介绍了一种高效，环境良好的发电方式-燃料电池发电技术，阐述了燃料电池的发电原理及其开发现状，对其发展前景作了展望。     

能源安全观助解我国《能源法》之结

中国已相继出台诸如《煤炭法》、《电力法》、《节约能源法》、《可再生能源法》等一系列与能源有关的法律法规,但严峻的能源形势使得一部能源领域的基本法的制定成为迫切需要.美国《能源政策法2005》在一定程度上对我国《能源法》的构建有很好的借鉴意义,但中国要制定《能源法》首先应结合中国的国情对《能源法》进行科学定位.能源安全观作为一种基本理念对把能源安全放在首位的《能源法》来说有着特殊重要的意义,这个基本理念将对《能源法》的基本原则和基本制度的理性建构产生深刻的影响.     

"猪、沼、果(蔬菜)"能源生态工程实例

新安江万秋生态养殖场实施"猪、沼、果(蔬菜)"能源生态模式工程,其采用三级厌氧消化工艺,以沼气为纽带,连接种养业,不仅有效处理养殖污染物,保护农村生态环境,而且通过农业废弃物的资源化利用,增收节支,提高生态农业生产能力,实现农业增效,农民增收的目的.该工程不仅做到经济和环境保护双赢,而且为建设社会主义新农村起到了很好的示范作用.