Performance of a subsurface-flow constructed wetland in southern China

IntroductionTheconstructedwetlandshavebecomeaglobaltechnologyforwaterpollutioncontrolbothindevelopedanddevelopingcountries(Seidal,196 6 ,1976 ;Kickuth ,1977;Cooper,1995 ;IWA ,2 0 0 0 ) .Recentinventoriesindicatedthattherearemorethan 6 0 0 0andmorethan 10 …     

海洋盐沼环境中金属的行为研究

详细论述了海洋盐沼环境中金属的行为及其化学／物理影响因素,其中包括盐沼区域的划分、影响金属的因素、金属的行为、盐沼植物与金属的关系。指出,重金属对盐沼植物生物初期有一定程度的危害,利用某些盐沼植物可监测重金属的污染状况。     

潮汐河网调水工程的环境与经济效益分析——以北江、西江调水工程为例

本文针对潮汐河网的基本特点,提出了运用非恒定流水环境实时数学模型和“影子工程法"对一系列引水方案的环境与经济效益进行定量的预测、分析和比较。该方法对潮汐河网地区水务工程的环境与费用效益分析研究具有普遍的参考意义。文中的算例为广州市市政洪水与污水整治战略决策提供了科学的依据。      

潮汐河网可降解有机物降解系数研究

潮汐河网具有其独特的水物理及水化学特性。本文采用珠江三角洲河网区域20个水样的BOD降解实验数据,并用BOD反应一级动力学方程进行数据拟合,结果表明,潮汐河网水体BOD降解过程的延滞期消失,远离污染源河段河水的BOD降解过程两阶段区分不明显,降解过程符合BOD反应一级动力学方程。此外,潮汐河网河水的降解系数随时间的变化过程是随机的。      

Geo-morphological changes of the Wanpingkou tidal system arising from the building of a sailing boat station in Rizhao of China

This paper examines a small tidal system in Wanpingkou, Rizhao of China. The tidal system was originally maintained by a balance of the natural interaction between tidal currents and waves. But this tidal system was diminishing by reclamation processes since the 1980s, especially in 2003 when a sailing boat station was built in the study area. To investigate the stability and development mechanism of the tidal system, its feasibility was evaluated before the sailing boat station was built. The erosion and deposition in and out of the tidal system was analyzed, forecasted and compared with the data from field monitoring. The results show that the tidal system would remain relatively stable, although its adjacent shoreline might change somewhat after the newly built sailing boat station. This change would also affect the coastal water and wetland environment in the study area. Further field monitoring in the area is still necessary.     

Influences of sediment dessication on phosphorus transformations in an intertidal marsh: formation and release of phosphine

This study investigated the effects of sediment dewatering on the phosphorus transformations concerning about the production and emission of phosphine in the intertidal marsh of the Yangtze Estuary. The concentrations of matrix-bound phosphine ranged from 18.62-72.53 ng kg⁻¹ and 31.14-61.22 ng kg⁻¹ within the August and January exposure incubations, respectively. The responses of matrix-bound phosphine concentrations to sediment dessication demonstrate that the production (or accumulation) of matrix-bound phosphine significantly increased with water loss at the start of the emersion incubations. However, further dehydration inhibited the formation of matrix-bound phosphine in sediments. The significant correlations of matrix-bound phosphine with the organic-P bacteria abundance and alkaline phosphatase activities implicate that the production of matrix-bound phosphine within the dessication incubations was linked closely to the microbial decomposition of organic P. The emissions of phosphine generally decreased with sediment dewatering, with the fluxes of 7.51-96.73 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ and 5.34-77.74 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ over the exposure incubations of both August and January, respectively. Also, it is observed that the releases of phosphine during the entire exposure periods were affected not only by its production but also by sediment water and redox conditions.     

Microbially Mediated Redox Cycling at the Oxic–Anoxic Boundary in Sediments: Comparison of Animal and Plants Habitats

Microorganisms are responsible for the bulk of transformations that occur in surficial sediments. They are most active at redox boundaries where they can benefit from access to various oxidants and reductants generated during redox cycling events. To illustrate the dynamics of microbially mediated processes, especially those involving sulfur and metal cycles, processes were compared in habitats either bioturbated by a capitellid worm or inhabited by a salt marsh grass. The presence of macrofauna and macroflora greatly altered the three-dimensional array of redox gradients in sediments, but the type and form of reductants and oxidants provided varied greatly; clastic sedimentary infauna subducted solid phase organic material and iron oxides, whereas plant roots released dissolved organic matter and oxygen. These differences resulted in a bioturbated system that exhibited a rapid sulfur cycle (residence time of minutes), but a slower iron cycle (days), whereas vegetation caused a slow sulfur cycle and rapid iron cycle. Alteration of sediments by higher life forms also greatly affected the composition and relative abundances of sedimentary bacteria, even on short time scales. Although redox cycling at interfaces can be somewhat predictable, variations in response to biological and physical perturbations demonstrated wide differences in the dynamics of redox-mediated processes.     

Plant Community Composition and Biomass in Gulf Coast Chenier Plain Marshes: Responses to Winter Burning and Structural Marsh Management

Many marshes in the Gulf Coast Chenier Plain, USA, are managed through a combination of fall or winter burning and structural marsh management (i.e., levees and water control structures; hereafter SMM). The goals of winter burning and SMM include improvement of waterfowl and furbearer habitat, maintenance of historic isohaline lines, and creation and maintenance of emergent wetlands. Although management practices are intended to influence the plant community, effects of these practices on primary productivity have not been investigated. Marsh processes, such as vertical accretion and nutrient cycles, which depend on primary productivity may be affected directly or indirectly by winter burning or SMM. We compared Chenier Plain plant community characteristics (species composition and above- and belowground biomass) in experimentally burned and unburned control plots within impounded and unimpounded marshes at 7 months (1996), 19 months (1997), and 31 months (1998) after burning. Burning and SMM did not affect number of plant species or species composition in our experiment. For all three years combined, burned plots had higher live above-ground biomass than did unburned plots. Total above-ground and dead above-ground biomasses were reduced in burned plots for two and three years, respectively, compared to those in unburned control plots. During all three years, belowground biomass was lower in impounded than in unimpounded marshes but did not differ between burn treatments. Our results clearly indicate that current marsh management practices influence marsh primary productivity and may impact other marsh processes, such as vertical accretion, that are dependent on organic matter accumulation and decay.     

南水北调东线工程调蓄湖泊湿地环境影响评价及保护措施

通过对南水北调东线工程调蓄湖泊湿地水资源的评价,提出防御调蓄湖泊湿地水生态恶化的环境保护措施,以减轻或消除工程可能带来的不利影响,使湖泊湿地水生态系统朝着有利于人类的方向发展.      

黑龙江省近50年来沼泽湿地退缩特征及其原因分析

在RS和GIS的支持下,综合集成1954年地形图和2000年TM影像重建黑龙江省1954~2000年沼泽湿地的空间信息矢量数据,结合斑块质心变化模型、景观参数和欧几里德最短距离函数,分析黑龙江省沼泽湿地退缩的区域分异特征,进一步从人类活动对沼泽退缩的影响的角度探讨沼泽退缩的原因。研究结果表明:黑龙江省近50年来,沼泽湿地面积急剧减少,由791.4×10⁴hm²减少到303.5×10⁴hm²;沼泽景观趋于破碎化;退缩的焦点区域主要集中在三江平原、大小兴安岭和松嫩平原。导致湿地退缩的人文原因主要包括三个方面:人口增加和耕地的不断开垦,国家建设国营农场的农业发展政策,与主要公路的空间区位关系。