Familial orofaciodigital syndrome type I revealed by ultrasound prenatal diagnosis of porencephaly

Porencephaly is a rare central nervous system (CNS) abnormality that can be caused by an intraparenchymal destructive process or a developmental defect. Here we report on a prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of complex CNS abnormalities including agenesis of the corpus callosum, agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, bilateral hydrocephaly, and bilateral porencephaly in fetus at 33 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis of familial orofaciodigital syndrome type I (OFD I) was raised after fetal autopsy, clinical examination of the family, and the X-linked dominant inheritance pattern. This is the fourth report of porencephaly in association with OFD I. We discuss the difficulties in genetic counselling since OFD I shows variable expressivity of the phenotypic features. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of a detailed ultrasound examination after a prenatal diagnosis of porencephaly. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

某活塞式航空发动机汽缸断裂分析

分析了某活塞式航空发动机汽缸缸体断裂的原因。宏观和微观观察表明,缸体的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于缸体与缸头连接螺纹的起始处,晶间腐蚀是导致疲劳断裂的直接原因。能谱分析表明疲劳源区的腐蚀元素是氧,属于大气腐蚀。分析认为腐蚀发生于发动机长期存放过程中。     

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%–61.8% and 93.9%– 96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.     

气箱式脉冲喷吹袋式除尘器清灰系统主要技术参数的确定

为了揭示气箱式脉冲袋式除尘器的清灰机理,应用压缩气体流动能量方程,推导出滤袋表面的反向清灰风速教学表达式;根据袋式除尘器实验模型测定的数据,得出了剥离力与粉尘剥离率之问的关系式,并在此基础上提出了清灰系统设计方法;应用气体射流理论得到了脉冲喷吹质量流量、喷吹口直径、空压机供气压力和供气量的计算公式.结果表明,在粉尘负荷一定的条件下,给定预期的剥离率,可以得到所必需的反向清灰风速和喷吹气体流量,据此可以确定清灰系统的主要技术参数.     

农村生态家园建设的模式、成效与发展建议

农村生态家园建设模式是辽宁省首创的以沼气为纽带、将沼气池、畜禽舍、卫生厕所、日光温室等有机组合的能源生态综合利用模式。文章归纳了辽宁省农村生态家园建设模式3种类型：“三位一体”和“四位一体”型生态模式户、“多位一体”型生态家园、社会主义新农村;阐述了实施生态家园富民计划的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益;并有针对性地在认识方面、资金方面、科技方面和管理方面提出了几点建议,为各地推广、研究农村生态家园建设提供理论和技术参考。     

福州环城游憩带旅游地类型与空间结构特征

文章对福州环城游憩带旅游地类型与空间结构特征进行研究。以福州除晋安区、鼓楼区、台江区、仓山区、马尾区五区外的闽侯县、福清市、平潭县、长乐市、永泰县、闽清县、罗原县、连江县八县111处景点作为研究样本。采用旅游地资源属性和旅游活动性质交叉组合的复合分类法对旅游地进行分类,根据福州环城游憩带旅游地的实际情况,可以将福州环城游憩带旅游地归并为3种类型。运用数据库、网络测距等技术手段,将111处旅游地的大量数据进行了旅游地分类统计、城市中心距离等旅游计量研究。从而得出福州环城游憩带旅游地类型与空间结构特征。     

Analytical solutions of three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media: A library

The purpose of this study is to present a library of analytical solutions for the three-dimensional contaminant transport in uniform flow field in porous media with the first-order decay, linear sorption, and zero-order production. The library is constructed using Green’s function method (GFM) in combination with available solutions. The library covers a wide range of solutions for various conditions. The aquifer can be vertically finite, semi-infinitive or infinitive, and laterally semi-infinitive or infinitive. The geometry of the sources can be of point, line, plane or volumetric body; and the source release can be continuous, instantaneous, or by following a given function over time. Dimensionless forms of the solutions are also proposed. A computer code FlowCAS is developed to calculate the solutions. Calculated results demonstrate the correctness of the presented solutions. The library is widely applicable to solve contaminant transport problems of one- or multiple- dimensions in uniform flow fields.     

基于生命周期评价的船舶环境影响行为研究

运用目前环境管理的一种有效工具——生命周期评价方法（LCA）,探讨船舶在其生命周期内对环境的影响行为。结果表明：船舶生命周期内对环境的影响主要是光化学烟雾,其次是酸化和全球变暖;而在船舶生命周期各个阶段中,营运阶段对各环境类型的贡献最大,原材料制造阶段、运输阶段和船舶制造阶段对环境影响较小。     

地震与生态环境

本文通过对汶川8．0等多次大地震前后气候、森林、植被等因素强烈变化的对比研究,表明地震对生态环境的严重破坏给人类、动植物等带来巨大灾害。地震灾害可能影响和破坏生态环境,而某些生态环境的改变也可能为地震预报预测研究提供重要的震兆信息。同时,重视环境保护环境是非常必要的。     

聚硫醚纤维素对持久性污染物的吸附特性

棉纤维在碱存在下与环硫氯丙烷发生醚化反应,合成了一种新型环境功能材料--聚硫醚纤维素(PTCC),并研究了PTCC的理化性能及其对持久性污染物的吸附性能.结果显示,PTCC化学性质比其它含硫纤维素衍生物稳定,抗氧化和抗紫外照射能力均优于其它含硫纤维素.暴露于空气中1个月,其含硫量保持不变;室温下,中性水溶液中浸泡5d,其水解百分率小于2%.PTCC对重金属离子和阳离子有机物具有很强的吸附作用,其饱和吸附容量分别为:Hg2+364 mg·g-1、Ag+291 mg·g-1、氯化十六烷基吡啶219 mg·g-1、阳离子红X-GRL 321 mg·g-1、维多利亚艳蓝B0 373mg·g-1.常见的共存离子对于PTCC的吸附容量没有明显的影响.PTCC对污染物的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和二级吸附动力学方程,吸附符合单分子层吸附理论.吸附Hg2+、Ag+后的聚硫醚纤维素用氨水洗脱,再生后可以循环利用.PTCC是一种性能优良的新型环境功能材料,具有很好的应用前景.