农牧交错带典型区土壤氮磷空间分布特征及其影响因素

土壤氮磷在土壤物理、化学和生物过程中扮演着重要角色,明确土壤氮磷含量和空间分布对土壤资源管理和利用具有重要意义.利用经典统计学和地统计学方法对准格尔旗土壤全氮和全磷空间分布特征及影响因子进行研究.结果表明,研究区土壤肥力水平较低,0~100 cm深度土壤全氮和全磷含量加权平均值分别为0.29 g·kg^-1和0.26 g·kg^-1.土壤全氮和全磷的块金效应值分别集中在0.15~0.43和0.34~0.53之间,表明土壤全氮（0~10 cm和80~100 cm除外）和全磷呈中等空间依赖性,空间变异由结构性和随机性因子共同主导.土壤全氮和全磷空间分布特征与土层和元素有关,即使在同一深度,土壤氮磷的空间分布特征亦不相吻合.土壤全氮主要受有机碳的影响,而土壤全磷主要受纬度、海拔、土地利用类型和土壤质地的影响.     

软硬煤瓦斯解吸规律及影响因素的实验研究

为了研究软硬煤瓦斯解吸规律,搭建了大质量瓦斯解吸实验系统,进行了不同变质程度软硬煤的瓦斯解吸实验,对比分析了软硬煤的孔隙结构特征,查明了软硬煤的瓦斯解吸规律及影响因素。研究结果表明:软煤相对于硬煤,具有更多的瓦斯解吸总量和更快的解吸速度,采用幂函数可以较好的描述软硬煤的解吸规律,煤的破坏类型和变质程度是影响瓦斯解吸量的主要因素;软硬煤瓦斯解吸规律的差异性主要受煤的孔隙结构影响,软煤总孔容是硬煤的1.18～2.14倍,且软煤中孔及大孔更为发育,这为瓦斯解吸提供了更优质的通道;软煤相对硬煤在同等条件下变质程度更高,煤吸附甲烷的能力更强,这有利于软煤瓦斯解吸量的增加及解吸速度的加快。研究成果为准确测试煤层瓦斯含量和钻屑解吸指标提供了理论依据。     

A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING PEAK WATER DEMAND OF MULTIFAMILY RESIDENCES1

ABSTRACT: The importance of estimating peak water demands for determining the dimensions of pipe size and meters which provide household water to multifamily residences is examined. Several methods utilized in North America and Europe are examined. The analysis makes clear the necessity of studying the peak water demand through statistics based on local data concerning multifamily residences. For different periods of return, the peak demand of a given apartment building is related to its size (the number of apartments) in order to compare the results obtained with existing formula. By use of Ridge-regression technique, the relationship between peak water demand, and building size (number of apartments) and available pressure is established. It can be concluded that peak demand can be estimated with the square root of number of apartment units in the building and the cube root of water pressure.     

Effects of uncertainty, transmission type, driver age and gender on brake reaction and movement time

PROBLEM: Braking time (BT) is a critical component in safe driving, and various approaches have been applied to minimize it. This study analyzed the components of BT in order to assess the effects of age, gender, vehicle transmission type, and event uncertainty, on its two primary components, perception-reaction time and brake-movement time. METHOD: Perception-reaction time and brake-movement time were measured at the onset of lights for 72 subjects in a simulator. The six experimental conditions were three levels of uncertainty conditions (none, some, and some + false alarms) and two types of transmission (manual and automatic). The 72 subjects, half male and half female, were further divided into three age groups (mean of 23, 30, and 62 years). Each subject had 10 trials in each of the three levels of uncertainty conditions. RESULTS: Transmission type did not significantly affect either perception-reaction time or brake-movement time. Perception-reaction time increased significantly from 0.32 to 0.42 s (P < .05) as uncertainty increased but brake-movement time did not change. Perception-reaction time increased (from 0.35 to 0.43 s) with age but brake-movement time did not change with age. Gender did not affect perception-reaction time but did affect brake-movement time (males 0.19 s vs. females 0.16 s). IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: At 90 km/h, a car travels 0.25 m in 0.01 s. Consequently, even such small effects multiplied by millions of vehicle-kilometers can contribute to significant savings in lives and damages.     

炭素焙烧炉沥青烟静电除尘技术

针对炭素焙烧炉含尘低浓度高温沥青烟，优化设计方案，采用干式、湿式预处理和静电净化两级处理，先除去大粒径烟尘，降低烟尘温度，降低电阻率，后静电净化沥青烟。系统具有自动控制，节电节能，除尘效率高等特点。     

中国科技人才资源区域差异与类型

中国科技人才资源的地区和部门分布具有明显的区域差异.在三大地带间、地区内和各省市间差异程度不同且有扩大趋势,在三个重要部门中配置也表现出明显的地域差异.根据科技人才资源赋存状况及部门配置的区位熵值,将各省市区分成5种类型:科技人才资源高度型、中高度型、中度型、中低度型、低度型,这些区域类型与我国的区域经济发展格局相适应.     

重锤式防碰天车装置改进设计

我国石油矿场普遍使用重锤式防碰天车装置，针对其使用过程中存在的问题，经改进设计后，生产出结构简单而新颖的双重锤式防碰天车装置。经现场试验表明，该装置具有刹车灵敏、安全、可靠性高、寿命长、限位调整方便、制造成本低和技术经济效益和社会效益显著等优点，深受现场使用者的欢迎     

贫困地区生态综合补偿转移支付法制研究

生态综合补偿的提出表明国家对生态补偿关注的重点从资金的来源转向资金使用的效果，其中转移支付法制是影响生态综合补偿效果的主要变量。从中央和地方两个层面的立法来看，贫困地区生态补偿转移支付立法从维护公平正义提供倾斜性补偿资金，转向促进“绿色发展”“绿色减贫”的生态补偿整体性效益建设。然而，整体上，相关法制建设尚显不足，如贫困地区利益未充分表达、补偿资金使用自主权未能充分发挥、整体性监督考核机制不健全等。原因在于，扶贫政治思维淡化了贫困地区生态综合补偿法律制度的属性，覆盖面难以普及；不同利益诉求造就了贫困地区生态综合补偿转移支付制度约束；行政放权的非制度化影响贫困地区生态补偿转移支付整体性效益。应以实现可持续的自我发展权新理念加强贫困地区生态综合补偿转移支付的法律制度化建设，明晰贫困地区生态综合补偿中转移支付的重要地位，夯实基础性财权，同时构建适应生态综合补偿的整体性考核机制。     

湿法石灰石/石膏烟气脱硫泵的选材及选型

简述了湿法烟气脱硫生产中浆液的性质，并根据浆液特点阐述了耐磨耐蚀泵的选材与选型．为湿法石灰石／石膏烟气脱硫浆液输送泵的研发提供参考。