Welfare environmentality and REDD+ incentives in Indonesia

This paper applies the concept of welfare environmentality to analyse Indonesia’s emerging national and project-based incentive frameworks, a key component to the climate programme reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+). The paper adapts governmentality theory to explore the rationale and design of various incentive instruments, including government institutions to disburse financial payments and co-benefits to multiple recipients, as well as a local demonstration project in Central Kalimantan Province. These REDD+ incentives are often conflated with the neoliberalisation of the climate agenda, focused on the adoption of market instruments and the commodification of forest carbon. However, REDD+ incentives in Indonesia include diverse policy mechanisms and encompass multiple objectives – such as the delivery of social services and employment schemes aimed at improving community livelihoods. These incentives employ a welfare environmentality, where government agencies and their partners deliver certain rights and socio-economic security for communities in return for adopting practices that improve carbon and forest management. The application of welfare environmentality shows how incentive frameworks operate as a state intervention designed to restructure relations between people and environmental resources.     

重庆市不同空间尺度建设用地演进特征与景观格局分析

研究不同空间尺度下城市土地利用的演变过程和变化特征,有助于深入了解和揭示城市土地利用演变时空差异和内在影响机制。以重庆市主城区为例,基于研究区1978~2013年多时序的MSS和Landsat TM/ETM+遥感影像数据,利用Arc GIS技术和景观格局分析理论,从研究区整体尺度、区域尺度和各区尺度等3种空间尺度对研究区建设用地演进特征和景观格局动态变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)1978~2013年研究区不同空间尺度建设用地面积变化趋势基本相似,综合扩展程度指数变化特征也存在一定的规律。在2001年之后研究区建设用地演进过程由低缓发展向高速递增阶段过渡,各区尺度建设用地扩展深受地貌、经济、政策、交通等影响因素的干扰;(2)在不同空间尺度新增斑块数目对比中,边缘扩展模式与跳跃扩展模式的主导优势先后发生3次转换,而在新增斑块面积比对比中边缘扩展模式始终保持绝对优势,填充扩展模式分别在新增斑块数目和面积比的比较中均处于弱势;(3)随着时间的变化,就整体尺度上景观指数变化而言,景观破碎度和景观多样性明显增加,斑块形状趋于简单和规则化,斑块之间连通性不断提高,与城市化进程趋于吻合。但区域尺度和各区尺度深受国家政策环境的影响,景观指数变化则相对复杂。研究结论有助于从空间尺度对城市扩展信息进行挖掘和理解,为其城市规划和土地管理提供一定的科学依据。     

Hydrochemical Changes Over Time in the Zahedan Aquifer, Iran

Groundwater in the Zahedan Aquifer located in the arid southeast of Iran was chemically characterized to understand both the nature of the alluvium aquifer and the effect of human activities, specifically sewage disposal on groundwater quality. Concentrations of major cations and anions in the Zahedan Aquifer are much higher than concentrations observed in groundwater of similar settings. Although the nature of the aquifer and climatic parameters have affected the chemistry of groundwater, human impacts on the groundwater quality are more significant. The electrical conductivity in some areas of the Zahedan aquifer increased up to 7,500μS/cm in 25 years. Human influences in some areas are so prevalent, that the groundwater type changed from a Na⁺-HCO₃ ^- in 1976 to a Na⁺-Cl^- type in 2000. The impact of human influences on the groundwater quality is also indicated through observed nitrate concentration up to 4.81 meq/L in the urban area.     

复合型除尘器除尘脱硫一体化工艺实验研究

试验研究了专利产品"高压静电滤槽复合型卧式除尘器"的除尘脱硫一体化工艺.试验表明,在布袋前方的末级电场中实行半干法脱硫工艺具有可行性,可达到除尘脱硫一体化目的.试验同时研究了钙硫比、脱硫灰循环率、饱和温距、喷水量和SO2浓度等对脱硫率的影响.该工艺适用于以低硫煤为燃料的锅炉进行除尘脱硫.     

江苏省废矿物油回收利用行业现状分析

废矿物油回收利用行业可以从废矿物油中回收蕴藏的可再生资源,是实现可持续发展的重要组成。通过调研发现,2014年江苏省废矿物油产生量最多的3个城市依次为南京、无锡和苏州,而产生量最多的4个行业分别是石油加工业、金属制品业、运输设备制造业及化学原料和化学制品业。江苏省废矿物油回收利用工艺大致可分为简易预处理法、常压蒸馏法和减压精馏法3类,通过对比采用这3类工艺的企业处置规模,发现小型企业全部采用简易预处理法,采用常压蒸馏法的中型企业超过80%,大型企业大部分采用减压精馏工艺。通过分析回收利用单位的经营状况,发现采用简易预处理工艺的企业许可量利用率最高,在目前的市场环境下生存能力较强。     

发酵生物制氢反应器的产氢菌生物强化作用研究

将发酵产氢菌Ethanoligenens sp. B49投加到连续流搅拌槽式反应器（CSTR）的活性污泥中,以糖蜜废水为底物,进行强化活性污泥产氢效能的研究.对生物强化前和生物强化后反应系统的产氢能力、发酵产物组成和pH值进行了对比分析.结果表明,在COD容积负荷为12 kg/(m³·d)条件下,投加产氢菌可显著提高反应系统的产氢能力并改善发酵产物组成.反应系统的比产氢速率从强化前的3.6 mmol/(kg·d)提高到强化后的5.7 mmol/(kg·d),是生物强化前的1.5倍.生物强化前,反应系统液相发酵产物乙醇、乙酸和丙酸的平均浓度分别为6.8、 5.3和4.8　mmol/L,生物强化后乙醇、乙酸和丙酸的平均浓度分别为10.5、 7.5和1.7 mmol/L,其中乙醇型发酵目的产物乙醇和乙酸在总发酵产物中的比例从生物强化前的72.0%提高为强化后的86.8%.生物强化作用使出水pH值从4.5～4.7下降为4.3.产氢菌的生物强化作用有助于反应器在低负荷运行期迅速形成产氢能力较高的乙醇型发酵.     

爆炸性环境用防爆对旋轴流式通风机的研制及应用

论述了新研制的KDZ型防爆对旋压抽式轴流通风机的工作原理、结构特点、主要技术指标及应用效果。     

Relationship of surface changes to metal leaching from tungsten composite shot exposed to three different soil types

Physical changes that occur on the surface of fired shots due to firing and impact with soil may increase the dissolution of muniton metals. Increased metal dissolution could potentially increase metal transport and leaching, affecting metal concentrations in surface and groundwater. This research describes the relationship between the surface changes on fired tungsten-nickel-iron (94% W:2% Ni:4% Fe) composite shots and metals leaching from those shots. Tungsten composite shot was fired into, and aged in, three soil types (Silty Sand, Sandy Clay, and Silt) in mesoscale rainfall lysimeters to simulate live-fire conditions and subsequent interactions between the metals of the composite and soil. Leachate, runoff, and soil samples were collected from the lysimeters and analyzed for metal content. The shots were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate surface changes. SEM results indicated that a soil’s particle size distribution initially affected the amount of metal that was sheared from the surface of the fired W-composite shots. Shearing was greatest in soils with larger soil particles (sand and gravel); shearing was least in soils composed of small soil particles (fines). Increased metallic shearing from the shot’s surface was associated with increased W dissolution, compared to controls, following a simulated 1 year soil aging.     

合成革干法生产线DMF废气治理技术

介绍了合成革干法生产线DMF废气的治理技术,重点介绍以洗涤吸收法处理并回收DMF废气的工艺设计和效益分析,实际运行结果表明,该技术与其他技术相比具有经济效益明显、净化效率高、节能降耗、自动化水平高等优点.     

环境预警系统的类型和构成

环境预警系统的类型和构成研究可为各级政府和企业提供决策依据。通过调研国内外环境预警系统的类型和构成要素,提出石油企业环境预警系统的设想,并对目前存在的问题进行探讨,以实现对环境事件及时预防的作用。