Prioritizing occupational injury prevention in the construction industry: injury severity or absence?

PROBLEM: National occupational injury prevention goals often prioritize the reduction of serious injuries. This study analyzed whether this prioritization is credible in respect to lost-time injuries and short and long term work absence, and the implications this has for injury severity-based versus injury absence-based prevention approaches. METHOD: The data consisted of national and work-site specific injury and absence data from construction workers in Denmark, including workers from the Copenhagen Metro construction sites, during the period 2000-2001. RESULTS AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT: Absence length was significantly dependent on the type of injury. Sprains and strains were most prevalent and accounted for approximately one third of injuries and absence. Fractures accounted for one sixth of injuries and the greatest proportion of long-term absence. The results give credibility to the need for targeting sprains and strains in injury and absence prevention initiatives.     

Particle concentration effect in adsorption/desorption of Zn（Ⅱ） on anatase type nano TiO2

Adsorption/desorption in a new Zn(II)-TiO2 adsorption system was investigated at different particle concentrations (Cp). TEM, SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the TiO2 particles were an aggregation of nano-sized (approximately 10 nm) pure anatase-type TiO2. Adsorption experiments were carried out with particle concentrations of 100, 400 and 1000 mg/L, and their adsorption isotherms were found to decline successively, showing an obvious Cp effect. Desorption experiments indicated that adsorption in this system was irreversible, and the irreversibility increased with increasing Cp. These phenomena could be explained by the MEA (metastable equilibrium adsorption) theory and the Cp effect could be modeled well with an MEA-Freundlich-type Cp effect isotherm equation. This study may help understand environmental behavior of contaminants on ultrafine natural particles.     

Natural under-canopy regeneration and height-age structure of small-leaved linden (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Tilia cordata</Emphasis> Mill.) undergrowth in water-conservation forests around Pavlovskoe Reservoir,Ufa River

Natural regeneration and the height-age structure of small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) under a forest canopy were studied with regard to specific features of forest typology on the Ufa Plateau. For the first time, the height-age structure of linden undergrowth was analyzed by an anatomical method, which allowed accurate determination of the actual plant age and linear increment. The results of this analysis made it possible to reveal three periods in the development of linden undergrowth with respect to the linear growth rate and abundance of plants. More successful regeneration of linden was observed in open elements of relief.     

汉江流域生态补偿效益的评价研究

汉江流域生态补偿效益评价指标体系有利于准确分析生态补偿资金的流向和效用,评价生态补偿政策的实施效果,进一步完善生态补偿机制。本着全面性：科学性、系统性、可操作性和导向性原则,选取经济社会发展、水源涵养和水资源节约、环境污染治理、环境监管能力建设4个方面共28项指标,构成汉江流域生态补偿效益评价指标体系,并采用层次分析法对评价指标体系进行权重分析。结果表明：现阶段汉江流域的生态补偿资金应首先用于上游地区的水源涵养和环境污染治理工作,以退耕还林工程、天然林保护工程、水土保持工程和生态移民工程为重点任务。     

中缅油气管道安顺—贵阳段地质灾害类型及其成因分析

为了弄清中缅油气管道安顺—贵阳段沿线地质灾害的情况,通过野外实地地质考察,获得了安顺—贵阳段地质灾害有关数据,共发现灾害点34处,其中崩塌17处、不稳定斜坡4处、滑坡3处、地面沉陷10处,且以崩塌和地面沉陷为主;通过对诱发地质灾害的各种因素(地貌、地形坡度、水-岩相互作用、地震活动以及人类工程活动)进行分析,初步认定管道沿线的地质灾害的成因机制其实质是水-岩作用。该研究可为后期该类地质灾害的防治提供依据。     

广东始兴良源铌钽铷钨多金属矿床的发现及其意义

广东始兴良源铌钽铷钨多金属矿床是近年来中国地质调查局在南岭东段地区实施钨多金属矿调查评价中找到的具有大型远景的铌钽铷钨多金属矿床。最新成果显示该矿床主要有五种矿化类型:云英岩型铌钽铷钨多金属矿、白云母化钠长石花岗岩型铌钽铷钨多金属矿、石英脉型钨矿、破碎蚀变岩型钨锡多金属矿和矽卡岩型白钨矿,且以白云母化钠长石花岗岩型铌钽铷钨多金属矿潜力最大。矿区含矿花岗岩具明显分异演化特征,自上向下为:似斑状花岗岩—中细粒黑云母花岗岩—中细粒二云母钠长石花岗岩—中细粒白云母化钠长石花岗岩—云英岩的分异演化系列;含矿花岗岩蚀变分带清晰,自上向下为:白云母化、绿泥石化和钾长石化三带,矿体以云英岩、细粒白云母化钠长石花岗岩为主,石英脉次之,矿石矿物主要有黑钨矿、白钨矿、锡石、辉钼矿、钨铅矿、钼铅矿、砷铋矿、辉铋矿、辉锑矿、褐钇铌矿、铌钽矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、铀钍矿、白云母等;初步研究表明广东始兴良源铌钽铷钨多金属矿体可能为深部含矿岩浆经分异演化形成,矿床具有品位稳定、规模大的特点,成矿元素复杂,主要为Nb-Ta-Rb-W-Mo-Sn-Bi组合,并富含Be、稀土、Ag等。该矿床的发现不仅填补了南岭东段地区找矿新突破,而且对整个南岭乃至华南地区铌钽铷钨多金属矿找矿具有重要的指导作用。     

徐州市工业固体废物产生种类主成分分析研究

文章在介绍主成成分分析方法的原理基础上,利用SPSS统计软件对徐州市1996年至2000年工业固体废物产生种类及其量8个指标原始数据进行主成分分析,提取了占总方差81.126%能够反映原始数据的绝大部分信息的二个主成分:第一主成分和冶炼废渣、粉煤灰、炉渣密切相关,第二主成分和尾矿、煤矸石密切相关。结果表明徐州市电力、钢铁和煤矿开采行业工业固体废物产生种类及产生量变化趋势与徐州市经济发展方式相吻合,为徐州市工业固体废物污染源头控制提供决策指导。     

上海都市农业村域地表水非点源氮素的时空分异特征

为研究平原地区都市农业区域地表水非点源氮素的时空分异特征,揭示非点源氮污染对地表水环境的影响,连续监测了上海南汇新场镇果园村地表水中总氮和无机"三氮"(硝态氮、铵态氮和亚硝态氮)的含量.结果表明:①水文期和土地利用类型共同影响地表水中氮素的空间分布.受果园影响的地表水中硝态氮(NN)浓度较高,铵态氮(AN)浓度较低,各监测点氮素浓度在多雨期差异较大,在少雨期差异较小;受居民区和工厂影响的地表水中NN和AN浓度相差不大,各监测点氮素浓度在多雨期和少雨期差异都较大.②冬、夏季风风向可能影响果园村地表水中氮素的空间分布.③春雨期总氮(TN)、NN和AN的空间变异大,梅雨期和冬季少雨期略大于秋雨期和盛夏少雨期;亚硝态氮(SNN)与之相反.④5月溶解性有机氮(DON)是果园区地表水中氮素的主要存在形式,占TN的质量分数达到76.1%;其它季节则以溶解性无机氮(DIN)为主,占TN的质量分数平均达到83.2%.⑤果园区NN的季节变异比居民区大,居民区AN和TN的季节变异比果园区大.     

抚仙湖尖山河小流域山地典型地类非点源污染特征与分析

通过在尖山河小流域建立径流场.在自然降雨条件下采集水样,检测分析地表径流中各污染物的浓度,研究自然状态下和人为干扰下山地不同地类污染物的输出量,探讨高原湖泊山地非点源污染的特征与规律.研究结果表明:研究区内各地类产流量的关系是坡耕地>人工林>灌草丛>次生林,各地类产沙量大小关系是坡耕地>人工林>次生林>灌草丛,产流量与降雨量相关性更为显著;次生林、坡耕地、灌草丛、人工林4种土地类型产流的总无机氮输出量平均值分别为0.94 mg·m-2、19.70mg·m-2、1.74 mg·m-2、17.22 mg·m-2,总磷平均值分别为0.32mg·m-2、3.58 mg·m-2、1.12 mg·m-2、2.85 mg·m-2;产沙过程中单位面积水解氮输出量平均值为0.41 mg·m-2、7.17 mg·m-2、0.89 mg·m-2、0.23 mg·m-2,速效磷平均值为0.04 mg·m-2、1.14 mg·m-2、0.03 mg·m-2、0.02 mg·m-2;产流过程中输出的污染物大于产沙过程中的输出量,尖山河小流域农业非点源污染控制应以控制产流污染物为主.     

果蔬废弃物厌氧消化特征及固体减量研究

采用两相厌氧消化工艺处理固体果蔬废弃物,反应液在系统内循环使用,研究了果蔬废弃物产酸发酵类型、产甲烷相对消化产物的利用顺序和果蔬固体减量效果。结果表明,在酸化阶段,挥发酸总量最高达5800mg/L,其中丁酸占45%、戊酸占23%、乙酸占20%、丙酸和乙醇占10%左右,属于丁酸型发酵;产甲烷相对挥发酸的利用顺序为乙醇>丁酸>戊酸>丙酸>乙酸,产甲烷阶段体系ORP为-480mV左右;在厌氧消化处理过程中,反应液中COD由开始时的10000mg/L降至反应后期2000mg/L左右,COD去除率达80%以上;同时,果蔬固体物质去除率达到98.6%,果蔬废弃物减量效果明显。