微量营养物质对有机废水厌氧消化过程的调控作用

通过向处理酸性葡萄酒蒸馏废水的厌氧移动床生物膜反应器中投加微量营养物质的试验,得出利用微量营养物质调控厌氧消化过程在技术上是可行的。Fe、Ni、Co组合不仅能加快挥发性有机酸(VFA),特别是丙酸的降解速率,进而提高厌氧反应器的溶解COD去除率,同时,还有利于厌氧反应器有机负荷的快速提升和较强pH缓冲能力的形成。B族维生素对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行效果影响不大。Fe对厌氧移动床生物膜反应器运行有一定影响,但效果也不十分明显。     

Comparison of UV-based advanced oxidation processes for the removal of different fractions of NOM from drinking water

This study examined the effectiveness for degradation of hydrophobic (HPO), transphilic (TPI) and hydrophilic (HPI) fractions of natural organic matter (NOM) during UV/H₂O₂, UV/TiO₂ and UV/K₂S₂O₈ (UV/PS) advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The changing characteristics of NOM were evaluated by dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA), trihalomethanes formation potential (THMFP), organic halogen adsorbable on activated carbon formation potential (AOXFP) and parallel factor analysis of excitation–emission matrices (PARAFAC-EEMs). In the three UV-based AOPs, HPI fraction with low molecular weight and aromaticity was more likely to degradate than HPO and TPI, and the removal efficiency of SUVA for HPO was much higher than TPI and HPI fraction. In terms of the specific THMFP of HPO, TPI and HPI, a reduction was achieved in the UV/H₂O₂ process, and the higest removal rate even reached to 83%. UV/TiO₂ and UV/PS processes can only decrease the specific THMFP of HPI. The specific AOXFP of HPO, TPI and HPI fractions were all able to be degraded by the three UV-based AOPs, and HPO content is more susceptible to decompose than TPI and HPI content. UV/H₂O₂ was found to be the most effective treatment for the removal of THMFP and AOXFP under given conditions. C1 (microbial or marine derived humic-like substances), C2 (terrestrially derived humic-like substances) and C3 (tryptophan-like proteins) fluorescent components of HPO fraction were fairly labile across the UV-based AOPs treatment. C3 of each fraction of NOM was the most resistant to degrade upon the UV-based AOPs. Results from this study may provide the prediction about the consequence of UV-based AOPs for the degradation of different fractions of NOM with varied characteristics.     

非溶解态胡敏酸对土壤中硬碳有机质解吸多环芳烃的影响

土壤有机碳是控制土壤中多环芳烃的吸附解吸及其生物有效性的主要因素之一,土壤中硬碳类吸附剂是土壤有机碳中的重要部分,土壤中软碳类物质和硬碳类物质的相互作用对研究土壤中多环芳烃的解吸行为和生物有效性有重要影响。研究将溶解有机质胡敏酸,通过条件的变化使其转变为非溶解态,研究其对土壤碳质吸附剂(胡敏素和黑碳)吸附多环芳烃的解吸行为的影响。研究结果表明:非溶解态胡敏酸会显著降低土壤硬碳类物质中多环芳烃的解吸能力,解吸滞后性增加,作者认为非溶解态胡敏酸的添加会覆盖土壤硬碳类物质的表面吸附位点和填充吸附多环芳烃的孔隙,造成硬碳类有机质中的多环芳烃解吸能力下降,滞后性增强。研究还发现硬碳类有机质的比表面积和孔隙度和解吸能力的变化强度呈正相关关系。     

Long-term nitrogen and phosphorus removal,shifts of functional bacteria and fate of resistance genes in bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole stress

To understand the long-term performance of bioretention systems under sulfamethoxazole (SMX) stress, an unplanted bioretention system (BRS) and two modified BRSs with coconut-shell activated carbon (CAC) and CAC/zero-valent-iron (Fe0) granules (CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS) were established. Both CAC-BRS and Fe/CAC-BRS significantly outperformed BRS in removing total nitrogen (TN)(CAC-BRS:82.48%; Fe/CAC-BRS:78.08%; BRS:47.51%), total phosphorous (TP)(CAC-BRS:79.36%; Fe/CAC-BRS:98.26%; BRS:41.99%),and...     

新型绿色化学反应介质的研究进展

综述了绿色化学在反应介质方面的研究进展。新型的有机合成反应介质主要包括离子液体、超临界流体、水溶剂及微波无溶剂技术。这些新型反应介质不仅可以取代传统的挥发性有毒有害有机溶剂,同时还可提高反应的活性和选择性,加速反应的进行,且有利于催化剂的回收利用及产品的分离。新型绿色化学反应介质是实现有机合成绿色化的重要途径。     

Promotional effect of cobalt doping on catalytic performance of cryptomelane-type manganese oxide in toluene oxidation

The cryptomelane-type manganese oxide (OMS-2)-supported Co (xCo/OMS-2; x = 5, 10, and 15 wt.%) catalysts were prepared via a pre-incorporation route. The as-prepared materials were used as catalysts for catalytic oxidation of toluene (2000 ppmV). Physical and chemical properties of the catalysts were measured using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) techniques. Among all of the catalysts, 10Co/OMS-2 performed the best, with the T_90%, specific reaction rate at 245°C, and turnover frequency at 245°C (TOF_Co) being 245°C, 1.23 × 10⁻³ mol_toluene/(g_cat·sec), and 11.58 × 10⁻³ sec⁻¹ for toluene oxidation at a space velocity of 60,000 mL/(g·hr), respectively. The excellent catalytic performance of 10Co/OMS-2 were due to more oxygen vacancies, enhanced redox ability and oxygen mobility, and strong synergistic effect between Co species and OMS-2 support. Moreover, in the presence of poisoning gases CO₂, SO₂ or NH₃, the activity of 10Co/OMS-2 decreased for the carbonate, sulfate and ammonia species covered the active sites and oxygen vacancies, respectively. After the activation treatment, the catalytic activity was partly recovered. The good low-temperature reducibility of 10Co/OMS-2 could also facilitate the redox process accompanied by the consecutive electron transfer between the adsorbed O₂ and the cobalt or manganese ions. In the oxidation process of toluene, the benzoic and aldehydic intermediates were first generated, which were further oxidized to the benzoate intermediate that were eventually converted into H₂O and CO₂.     

巢湖地区早三叠世碳氧同位素地层对比及其古生态环境意义

二叠纪—三叠纪之交的环境恶化事件不但导致了生物大绝灭,而且造成了自然界正常的碳循环崩溃。为了研究三叠纪早期生物复苏过程中的环境特征、碳氧同位素演化上的地层学意义,对巢湖平顶山西坡剖面下三叠统碳酸盐岩取样分析。研究结果表明,巢湖平顶山西坡剖面早三叠世碳氧同位素地层曲线与已知的平顶山北坡剖面碳氧同位素地层曲线相似。δ13C值在Induan阶、Olenekian阶底部首先表现为大幅度负漂,随后呈上升趋势。δ18O值除了表现出1Ma的周期性波动之外,与δ13C低值区对应处也具负偏趋势。δ13C、δ18O值的演化趋势反映了早三叠世海洋环境恶化、生物复苏十分缓慢。     

大孔强碱阴树脂去除饮用水中微量有机物

比较了大孔强碱阴树脂和颗粒活性炭在饮用水的深度处理中对有机物的去除效果。结果表明：(1)大孔强碱阴树脂的吸附容量比颗粒活性炭的大。在pH为8时,大孔强碱阴树脂对TOC的去除率最高。pH6～8时,对TOC的去除率没有明显的区别,而颗粒活性炭在pH为2时。对TOC的去除率最高;水温低能提高2种吸附材料的吸附容量。(2)在动态实验条件下。当流速相同,大孔强碱阴树脂的穿透时间明显比颗粒活性炭的长,大孔强碱阴树脂的制水量约是吸附床的10000倍。而颗粒活性炭却只有吸附床的4000倍。在饮用水的深度处理中,大孔强碱阴树脂可作为活性炭的最佳替代品。     

微型反应柱在含铬废水处理试验研究中的应用

针对镀铬车间废水,采用活性炭吸附处理法对Cr6 和Cr3 的去除效果进行了系统的试验.通过微型反应柱集成装置对穿透时间、吸附容量及活性炭再生方法进行了研究,动态试验表明该装置能有效地处理含铬废水.     

人工神经元网络对水处理系统建模适应性的研究

针对水处理系统的特点和研究中的难点，引入人工神经元网络的理论和思想，提出了水处理系统的神经网络分析方法．通过建立基于ＢＰ人工神经元网络的臭氧生物活性炭系统的模型，具体地考察了人工神经元网络对水处理系统建模的适应性，使水处理系统的研究迈向智能化和控制化．