生物活性炭处理废水中有机物的研究探讨

生物活性炭(BAC)是一种处理有机废水的有效方法。现以BAC处理废水中的酚和甲醇为例,综述BAC处理废水中有机物的机理和影响因素。并通过生物活性炭吸附降解四氯乙烯(PCE)的综合模型得到BAC作用与吸附和生物降解的关系。最后简单介绍了BAC中活性炭与微生物的选择。     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

超临界二氧化碳流体萃取土壤中有机污染物的研究进展

就近年来人们利用超临界二氧化碳流体对有机污染物污染的土壤所做的研究工作以及所取得的成果进行了总结。     

清洁的胡椒基T醚生产工艺的研究I,5-丙基-1,3-苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化废水的处理

报道了胡椒基丁醚生产中５－丙基－１，３－苯并二氧杂茂的氯甲基化的废水处理，该废水经蒸馏可回收９４％的盐酸，此酸吸收氯化氢后浓度在３６％以上，可再用于氯甲基化反应。蒸馏残液经分油、Ｆｅｎｔｏｎ试剂处理和五次生炭柱吸附后ＣＯＤＣｒ等项指标均可国家二类污染物的一级排放标准。     

Mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium mutants of the dust organic extract and its five fractions derived from an aluminum electrolytic plant

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｌｙｓｉｓｉｓｔｈｅｍａｉｎｓｏｕｒｃｅｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ．Ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｍａｒｋｅｔｄ...     

减排温室气体的经济手段：许可证交易和税收政策

温室气体的减排是当前国际社会关心的热点环境问题。本文首先从分析采用经济手段减排温室气体的潜在利弊出发，对温室气体排放交易和国际碳税进行了深入的分析比较。最后，提出了我国响应减排温室气体经济政策的若干建议。     

物理化学预处理与膜分离技术的应用

将物理化学预处理与膜分离技术深度处理结合应用于工业废水处理，可使其中的Ｃｒ６＋＜０．５ｍｇ／ｌ，Ｚｎ２＋＜２０ｍｇ／ｌ，ｐＨ６～９。用膜分离技术处理造纸废水可回收其中的木质素和糖份，回收率均为６０％左右。     

固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱法测定水中有机污染物

固相微萃取是一种快速、简便、集萃取浓缩于一体的样品前处理技术,具有分析快速、灵敏度高、无需有机溶剂的优点。用固相微萃取-毛细管气相色谱分析水中甲醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙醇、乙腈、丙烯腈,检出限可达0.003～0.03mg/L。     

汽车内二氧化碳污染与通风模式

不同车速下,对四种通风模式(A关闭通风口和风扇、B关闭通风口打开风扇、C打开通风口关闭风扇、D打开通风口和风扇)车内二氧化碳浓度进行分析研究。通风口关闭的状态,无论是否打开风扇及车速快慢,车内CO2浓度严重超标。通风口打开:不开风扇,以50km/h速度行驶,车内CO2浓度高于标准限量;速度提高到80km/h,车内CO2浓度可低于标准限量,通风口和缝隙的换气可以保障车内的空气质量;而打开风扇可以有效排除车内污染物。车速提高,各种通风模式的换气量都增加,属于缝隙换气贡献的比例增加,属于风扇换气贡献的比例减小,属于通风口换气贡献比例变化不大。基于研究结果,提出了一些减少车内污染的通风方式建议。