喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林旱季CO2通量特征及其影响因子

对广西木论国家级自然保护区喀斯特常绿落叶阔叶混交林旱季生态系统CO₂净交换（NEE）的变化特征及其与环境因子的关系进行初步分析，计算研究期间碳汇大小，与其他相似气候条件下的不同生态系统进行对比，以期为准确估算该生态系统的年碳汇量提供基础。利用涡度相关法对该地区旱季（2018年10月1日~2019年3月31日）CO₂通量进行连续观测，同时开展降水量（P）、光合有效辐射（PAR）、空气温度（T_air）、土壤温度（T_soil）以及土壤含水量（SWC）等环境因子监测。观测期内该生态系统CO₂通量及浓度具有明显的"单谷"状日变化特征，白天表现为明显的碳汇，夜间则表现为明显的碳源，NEE在12：00最强，为-0.309±0.330 mg CO₂/（m²·s），18：30最弱，为0.074±0.061 mg CO₂/（m²·s）；观测期内NEE、生态系统呼吸（Re）、生态系统总生产力（GEP）分别为-121.4、209.2、330.6 g C/m²，该生态系统在2019年2月的碳吸收能力最强，Re、GEP在2018年10月达到最强；光合有效辐射是白天生态系统CO₂净交换（NEE_d）变化的主要控制因素（R²=0.40，p<0.01），空气温度与夜间生态系统CO₂净交换（NEE_n）存在指数关系（R²=0.1267，p<0.01）；观测期内的降雨抑制了该生态系统的碳汇能力，即降水对NEE产生了抑制作用。旱季该生态系统整体表现出明显的碳汇，碳汇值为1.214 t C/ha，明显低于相似气候条件下的其他生态系统。     

Detecting forest landscape boundary between Mountain Birch and evergreen coniferous forest in the northern slope of Changbai Mountain

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Political benefits as barriers to assessment of environmental costs in Brazil's Amazonian development planning: The example of the Jatapu Dam in Roraima

Development projects are rapidly changing the landscape in Brazilian Amazonia. Environmental impact assessments have been required since 1986, and the regulatory system is evolving as precedents are set by each new development project. The Jatapu Dam in Roraima provides an illustration of underlying impediments to assessment of environmental costs and to due consideration being given to these assessments when decisions are made. The high priority placed on the dam by the Roraima state government is unexplainable in terms of economic returns. The place of the dam in a long-term political strategy provides the best of several possible explanations, any one of which is incompatible with a rational weighing of economic and environmental costs and benefits. A number of lessons can be drawn from the experience of Jatapu, but some of the problems have no solution. The barriers to rational decision making illustrated by Jatapu apply to development projects in many parts of the world.     

近20年来关于森林作用研究的进展

1981年和1982年著名地理学家黄秉维先生先后发表了两篇论文，题目是“确切地估计森林的作用”和“再谈森林的作用”。这两篇论文的发表，促进了关于森林作用的讨论，也促进了有关的实验和理论研究。直到今天，它对于我国的生态、环境建设，特别是在西部大开发中，仍有重要的现实意义。20年来，这个问题的一些方面在中国和世界范围内有了新的进展，而另外一些则仍有待进一步深入研究。其主要进展在实验科学和理论研究上都有体现。新的实验获得了更具有代表性和说服力的数据，而理论研究则把过去的工作作了进一步的梳理，经过细致的深入研究，一些问题也就迎刃而解了。但由于问题本身的复杂性和进行实验的难度，有不少问题的解决仍有待于进一步的研究。     

Forest Fires and Climate Change in the 21ST Century

Fire is the major stand-renewing disturbance in the circumboreal forest. Weather and climate are the most important factors influencing fire activity and these factors are changing due to human-caused climate change. This paper discusses and synthesises the current state of fire and climate change research and the potential direction for future studies on fire and climate change. In the future, under a warmer climate, we expect more severe fire weather, more area burned, more ignitions and a longer fire season. Although there will be large spatial and temporal variation in the fire activity response to climate change. This field of research allows us to better understand the interactions and feedbacks between fire, climate, vegetation and humans and to identify vulnerable regions. Lastly, projections of fire activity for this century can be used to explore options for mitigation and adaptation.     

重庆南山酸雨与马尾松衰亡的关系

1985—1986年对重庆南山马尾松林衰亡与酸雨的关系进行了研究。四个月的雨水监测表明南山酸雨况情严重。酸雨频率百分之百,平均pH4.2—4.4,最低pH3.6—4.0。土壤酸化程度较重(pH3.7—4.0)。土壤酸化的主要原因是酸雨的输入。濒死树针叶中锰和钴元素大为减少,与土壤中这两种元素的减少相对应。濒死树针叶中铝大量积累,土壤中活性铝增多和铝钙比增大。初步肯定酸雨是南山马尾松衰亡的重要原因之一。     

中国森林资源可持续发展问题的探讨

森林资源的可持续发展是林业和国家经济、社会、环境协调发展的基础。为使森林资源可持续发展战略建立在坚实的基础上，本文论述了森林资源可持续发展的优势所在，探讨了我国森林资源发展中存在的问题，分析了产生问题的原因。     

Effects of acid rain on forest ecosystem in Southwestern China

The study of effects of acid rain in Southwestern China on forest ecosystems .has been inrestigated since 1984. The results have shown that the ecosystem of Pinus massoniana forest has been damaged severely by acid rain. Comparing the areas where the annual mean pH value is lower than 4.5 with that higher than 4.5, the productivity of the ecosystems decreased 50 percent. Both the percentages of the green leaves and the content of chlorophyll cut down; the acidity of soil increased a bit and the fertility showed the tendency to lower. The microbial population components in surface soil were changed and the total number of soil microbes reduced from 63.5 to 92.6 percent. Besides the direct effects of acid rain, the insect pest, especially, Blastophagus piniperdoz and Monochamus galloprovincialis, seized the opportunity to enter and reproduce in it so as to aggravate the forest dieback of P.massoniana in the areas where the annual average pH value is lower than 4.5.Additionally, the simulation study on the     

京-秦地区的森林资源及其发展潜力

本文是“京津唐地区（包括秦皇岛市）国土卫星像片在森林资源调查中的应用研究结果的一部分,统计分析了各类森林资源的分布面积和主要特点,并指出其发展潜力,全区现有森林面积计约61.6×10⁴ ha,覆盖率约11％,宜林地面积约86.2×10⁴ ha,覆盖率约15.4％。主要分布于山地。从发展潜力看,可以增加森林覆盖率10％以上,可能提高立木蓄积量和果树产量4—5倍。     

森林保健旅游开发之探讨

生态旅游已成为21世纪世界旅游业的热点,森林旅游被认为是生态旅游的龙头和主体.森林保健旅游则是森林生态旅游的重要发展方向.在对森林保健功能阐析的基础上,提出中国森林保健旅游开发方向与对策.