均相芬顿氧化技术在废水处理中的应用研究

针对污水处理过程中存在的难降解有机物问题,介绍了芬顿的概念和特点,探讨了均相芬顿氧化在原位产生芬顿试剂的机理及应用.目前均相芬顿氧化技术总体可归纳为超声-芬顿氧化技术、微波-芬顿氧化技术、光-芬顿氧化技术、电-芬顿氧化技术.这些技术的应用能促进有机物的降解,提高芬顿技术的处理效率.通过介绍芬顿氧化技术降解废水中污染物的机理,综述了均相芬顿氧化技术在废水处理中的应用,分析了各种方法的适用范围和优缺点.     

天水市紫外吸收性气溶胶时空动态的遥感监测

采用OMI传感器的气溶胶产品,分析了2006—2015年中国西部城市天水市对流层紫外吸收性气溶胶的时空分布特征。结果表明:空间上,十年间天水市的吸收性气溶胶表现出从中部向周围依次减弱的南北向带状分布规律;季节变化呈现出秋冬季高于春夏季的规律;时间上,吸收性气溶胶指数(AI)从2006年的0.075增至2015年的0.506,年均值为0.28,年均增长率为57.5%;十年间出现2次阶段性增长和2次阶段性减小;AI年际变化与天水市地方总产值相关性为0.902,第一产业对其影响最大,第三产业影响最小。     

Estimation of Similarity in the Qualitative Composition of Humic Substance in Marine Sediments By Means of an Uv-Spectroscopic Library

In this paper a method for the study of the qualitative similarity of extractable humic substance (EHS) in marine sediments based on the realisation of UV spectral library of EHS is described. the spectral library was built including the digitised spectra of humic substance extracted from several marine sediments (46 samples) and two samples of standard materials (lignin sulphonate and humic substance) in a Statistica data file. the data matrix was elaborated by means of different multivariate statistic techniques such as Cluster Analysis (CA), Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and the univariate technique Spectral Correlation Analysis (SCA). This approach allows us to show the contribution of different organic compounds (aromatic, lipid and acid) to the composition of EHS and moreover it evidences also the structural characteristics of EHS in terms of similarities in the qualitative composition of samples such as presence of terrestrial and/or vegetal contributions. the UV library is an objective tool to study the qualitative composition of EHS and it represents a complementary approach to the most common methods based on the application of spectroscopic (IR, ¹³CNMR), potentiometric and chromatographic techniques.     

Photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin in aqueous media: a short review

The frequent detection of antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin in surface and drinking waters around the world has attracted concern from various researchers. Such presence is an indication that the decontamination of water polluted by antibiotics is beyond the conventional treatment methods. However, among the different treatment methods that have been developed in the area of water purification, heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor as a mediator has been rated as an efficient and a green wastewater treatment method. This is because, the process is effective in degrading and mineralizing organic pollutants, using UV or visible light. The present review paper covers a brief survey over a range of publications in the last decade, involving photocatalytic materials that have been employed in the purification of water contaminated by ciprofloxacin.     

Enhancement of UV and chromate mutagenesis by nickel ions in the Chinese hamster HGPRT Assay †

1. The HGPRT (Hypoxanthine‐Guanine‐Phospho‐Ribosyl‐Transferase) assay with Chinese Hamster V79 cells was used to measure the mutagenic effects of UV irradiation, potassium dichromate and nickel chloride. The agents were tested separately and in the combinations of UV plus nickel and dichromate plus nickel.

2. UV, Cr(VI) and Ni(II) were confirmed to be mutagenic in the V79 cell assay. The combination of UV(5J/m²) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) caused a mutation rate 11.2 times above that corresponding to the sum of the individual mutation rates of these agents. The combined action of Cr(VI) (0.1 mM) and Ni(II) (0.5 mM) produced a mutation rate 2.8 fold above that corresponding to the sum of the individual rates of the separate agents.

3. The enhancing effect of nickel chloride on the mutagenicity of UV or Cr(VI) is interpreted by an interference of Ni(II) with the repair of DNA lesions.     

分子筛负载Fe3+可见光协助降解有机污染物

通过NaY型分子筛负载Fe3 制备异相Fenton催化剂(FeY),采用FeY在可见光(λ＞420 nm)照射下研究其降解染料罗丹明B(RhB)和2,4-二氯苯酚(DCP).通过对RhB降解过程的紫外-可见光谱、ESR和红外光谱分析,以及总有机碳量(TOC)的跟踪测定,FeY/H2O2体系在可见光照射下能有效地降解RhB,降解反应主要涉及到·OH自由基的产生和参与.RhB/FeY/H2O2体系在可见光照射下,反应270min,RhB脱色率达到100%,TOC去除率达75.6%.DCP/FeY/H2O2体系在可见光照射下,反应150min,DCP降解率达81.0%.利用酶催化反应米氏方程测定催化剂的活性,FeY催化常数Kcat=2.28×105 mol·l-1·min-1.     

海洋硅藻三角褐指藻经黑暗与UV辐射后的补偿生长(英文)

补偿生长是生物体对环境变化的一种适应性反应,主要指生物体遭受到不良环境胁迫后其生长及生理机能受到制约,但当不良环境胁迫解除后,生物体的生长能力会得到不同程度的恢复,表现出相对未受不良环境胁迫生物体超常生长的现象.迄今为止,补偿生长研究的对象主要集中在水生动物、反刍动物和高等植物上,而针对体积微小的海洋浮游植物的研究非常有限.海洋微藻是海洋生态系统最主要的初级生产者,在自然界物质和能量流动中扮演着至关重要的角色;同时,它们可以广泛应用在水产养殖、食品加工、医药保健、环境保护和生物制能等各种行业,具有非常好地开发利用前景.本文利用海洋硅藻三角褐指藻为试验材料,设置黑暗胁迫和UV辐射胁迫处理,着重测定微藻在恢复生长时期的藻生物量,叶绿素a含量和蛋白质含鼍等指标,探讨经黑暗与UV辐射胁迫后三角褐指藻的补偿生长现象.结果显示,无论是先经正常光照处理还是2 d黑暗处理,UV辐射0.1 rain和0.8 rain的微藻生物量都明显高于不经UV辐射胁迫的微藻生物置;此外,经过不同程度的黑暗与UV辐射处理后,微藻在恢复生长期的叶绿素a和蛋白质含量在某特定生长时期中明显高于对照组的叶绿素a和蛋白质含最.结果表明,三角褐指藻对外界环境变化具有适应能力,一旦不良环境胁迫被解除,微藻会表现出一定的补偿生长效应.我们的研究结果不但拓展和丰富了目前补偿生长的研究对象范围,而且还能为当前赤潮的形成、预测和防治提供一个新的研究思路,为有益经济微藻的高效率培养与利用提供理论指导.     

Enhanced triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) degradation through application of an O3/UV process: Performance optimization and degradation pathways

• UV/O₃ process had higher TAIC mineralization rate than O₃ process. • Four possible degradation pathways were proposed during TAIC degradation. • pH impacted oxidation processes with pH of 9 achieving maximum efficiency. • CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation while HCO₃^– not. • Cl^– can be radicals scavenger only at high concentration (over 500 mg/L Cl^–). Triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC, C₁₂H₁₅N₃O₃) has featured in wastewater treatment as a refractory organic compound due to the significant production capability and negative environmental impact. TAIC degradation was enhanced when an ozone(O₃)/ultraviolet(UV) process was applied compared with the application of an independent O₃ process. Although 99% of TAIC could be degraded in 5 min during both processes, the O₃/UV process had a 70%mineralization rate that was much higher than that of the independent O₃ process (9%) in 30 min. Four possible degradation pathways were proposed based on the organic compounds of intermediate products identified during TAIC degradation through the application of independent O₃ and O₃/UV processes. pH impacted both the direct and indirect oxidation processes. Acidic and alkaline conditions preferred direct and indirect reactions respectively, with a pH of 9 achieving maximum Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal. Both CO₃^2– and HCO₃^– decreased TOC removal, however only CO₃^2– negatively impacted TAIC degradation. Effects of Cl^– as a radical scavenger became more marked only at high concentrations (over 500 mg/L Cl^–). Particulate and suspended matter could hinder the transmission of ultraviolet light and reduce the production of HO· accordingly.     

Ce3+与Cu2+协同强化芬顿体系氧化苯酚的效能与机制研究

研究了Ce~(3+)与Cu~(2+)协同强化芬顿体系在不同初始条件下对水中苯酚的氧化效能与机制.结果表明,在p H适用范围的宽度和H_2O_2浓度变化方面,Ce~(3+)/Cu~(2+)/Fe~(2+)/H_2O_2体系比传统的芬顿体系更具有优势,该体系在p H=5.0、H_2O_2浓度为2.0mmol·L-1的条件下,仍可以对苯酚保持相对较高的氧化效能;Cu~(2+)可能会借助反应过程中的中间产物(醌类物质)生成Cu+,Cu+催化H_2O_2分解生成·OH,Ce~(3+)可能促进体系内醌类物质的形成,加快Fe~(3+)与Fe~(2+)的循环效能,在一定程度上提高了芬顿体系中H_2O_2分解生成·OH的速率,说明Cu~(2+)与Ce~(3+)对芬顿体系的强化作用具有协同性;自由基终止剂依然可以抑制Ce~(3+)、Cu~(2+)强化的芬顿体系对苯酚的降解,由此说明体系中起到氧化作用的活性物种仍然是羟基自由基(·OH).     

垃圾渗滤液特性分析及Fenton预处理研究

利用Fenton—混凝沉淀法预处理广西某垃圾焚烧发电厂和垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液,对Fenton试剂以及混凝沉淀进行了单因素分析,分别研究了垃圾渗滤液在不同的n[Fe2+]/n[H2O2]、H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、pH值、反应时间、PAC投加量等条件下的处理效果。结果表明:垃圾渗滤液经Fenton—混凝预处理,对COD、色度、SS处理效果好,对NH3—N去除效果不明显;渗滤液的可生化性有所提高,可进行后续生化处理。