软锰矿浆烟气脱硫反应器试验研究

研究了喷射鼓泡反应器 (JBR)的桨叶直径、桨叶埋深和气体喷射管分布等结构参数对脱硫率和锰浸出率的影响 ,从而优化了反应器结构。     

生物膜净化含苯废气的性能研究

在生物法净化废气装置中生物膜是设备的主体和关键．研究以净化含苯废气的生物滴滤塔为对象,采用静态反应器对塔内生物膜的净化性能进行研究,探索其过程机理,为生物滴滤器的优化提供技术支持．结果表明,在生物滴滤器中单位体积生物膜的呼吸速率和苯去除速率都沿气流方向逐渐减小,但单位质量生物膜的苯去除速率却是塔中部高两边低．研究发现,当生物膜经过3d的闲置后,苯的消除能力提高了70％左右,但闲置时间超过5d后,生物净化性能开始下降．综合实验结果,推测在生物膜中同时存在苯的生物降解过程和生物储备能源的合成过程,在苯浓度越高的地方储备能源的量也越多,储备能源的存在降低了生物膜的净化能力但增强了生物膜的稳定性．     

Performance and bioparticle growth of anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) fed with low-strength domestic sewage

We investigated the performance of a 15.3 L capacity anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) toward the treatment of low-strength domestic wastewater. The start-up period of the ABR was finished within approximately 130 days at a temperature below 25°C. The average COD_Cr in the effluent was 165 mg·L^-1, and the corresponding COD_Cr removal efficiency of the ABR was 52.3%. During the third stage (from day 130 to day 233) of ABR operation, the average COD_Cr in the effluent reached 71 mg·L^-1, which meets the secondary discharge requirement of the Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (GB 18918-2002, China). Moreover, partial microbial separation was observed along the five ABR compartments through scanning electron microscopic images. The geometric mean diameter of bioparticles in the five compartments increased from 0.050 mm to 0.111, 0.107, 0.104, 0.110, and 0.103 mm during the start-up stage. After operation for 179 days, the corresponding diameters further increased to 0.376, 0.225, 0.253, 0.239, and 0.288 mm, respectively. The fractal dimensions of the bioparticles indicated that these particles have smoother surfaces and more compact structures during ABR operation. Morphological analysis of the bioparticle sections demonstrated that the bioparticles have a pore volume of 30%–55%. The highest porosity was observed for the bioparticles in the second ABR compartment, whereas the lowest fractal dimension of bioparticle section was observed in the fifth compartment.     

3DBER-S反硝化脱氮性能及其菌群特征

针对污水处理厂尾水TN去除问题,采用16S rDNA克隆文库法,探究了3DBER-S(三维电极生物膜耦合硫自养脱氮工艺)的强化脱氮机制及其菌群特征. 结果表明,I(电流)和HRT(水力停留时间)对3DEBR-S中氢自养和硫自养反硝化作用所占比例的影响较大,但对脱氮效率影响不显著. 当进水C/N〔ρ(COD_Cr)/ρ(TN)〕为1、ρ(NO₃--N)为35 mg/L、I为300 mA、HRT为4 h时,NO₃--N和TN去除率可分别稳定在80%和74%以上. 16S rDNA克隆文库结果显示,反应器中β变形菌纲为优势菌群,占47.89%〔以OUT(操作单元)计〕. 在β变形菌纲中,与具有反硝化功能的陶厄氏菌属(Thauera)相似的细菌所占比例最大,为52.94%;与可分别利用硫和氢为电子供体进行反硝化脱氮的硫杆菌属(Thiobacillus)和食酸菌属(Acidovorax)相似的细菌分别占17.65%和14.71%. 3DBER-S中存在异养联合氢自养和硫自养反硝化协同去除硝酸盐氮的作用,可为反硝化脱氮提供充足的电子供体,节约了有机碳源消耗,并保证了稳定高效的脱氮效果.      

一种污泥半静态强制通风堆肥系统的设计

为了提高堆肥效率,设计了一套半静态强制通风堆肥系统,并对其进行了堆肥应用试验。研究表明,该堆肥系统各部件设计较为合理,堆肥实验进程顺利,升温迅速,通风、保温等系统运行良好,堆肥产品腐熟度较好,性质稳定。     

Zn2+对SBR单级好氧模式生物除磷性能的影响

以合成废水为研究对象,以丙酸盐为单一外加碳源,通过比较进水中不同Zn2+浓度(0,1,5,10,20mg/L)下单级好氧模式下序批式反应器(SBR)的除磷效果,考察进水Zn2+浓度对单级好氧SBR生物除磷性能的影响,并通过分析各反应器中典型周期内磷及微生物体内储能物质的变化,探究Zn2+对单级好氧SBR生物除磷性能的影响机理.当进水Zn2+浓度为0和1mg/L时,除磷率分别高达96.84%和97.90%.当进水Zn2+浓度为5,10,20mg/L时,系统除磷率分别为89.32%,76.43%和57.29%,说明较高浓度Zn2+对单级好氧SBR生物除磷有抑制作用.结果表明,较高浓度Zn2+可抑制COD的降解,微生物体内聚羟基脂肪酸酯好氧合成及磷酸盐激酶活性,并促进GAOs的代谢,使聚磷合成和水解量减少,从而降低系统的除磷性能.     

Adsorptive removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solution using low-cost agricultural waste: batch and column study

This study involves the utilisation of peanut husk for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D dye from aqueous solutions. Batch study experiments were conducted with native, HNO₃-treated and Na-alginate-immobilised peanut husk biomass. Maximum dye removal (95.24 mg/g) was obtained with HNO₃-treated biomass. The experimental data were successfully explained with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model for all types of biosorbents. The equilibrium data fitted well to the Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. A thermodynamic study was also carried out to check the nature of the adsorption process. A fixed-bed column study for Drimarine Red HF-3D was carried out to optimise the effect of bed height, flow rate and initial dye concentration using peanut husk biomass. The column study showed that biosorption capacity increased with the increase in initial dye concentration and bed height, but decreased with increased flow rate. Data for Drimarine Red HF-3D were in very good agreement with the bed depth service time model. Fourier transform infrared analysis demonstrated the involvement of different functional groups in dye biosorption. These results showed that peanut husk biomass possessed good potential for the removal of Drimarine Red HF-3D from aqueous solution.     

二氧化钛颗粒的制备及其脱硫吸附性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)在不同烧结温度(340℃,440℃,540℃,640℃)下制备了4种多孔TiO₂颗粒,X射线衍射法(XRD)测得4种样品的晶相均为锐钛矿型.低温77K氮气吸附法计算4种样品的比表面积为79～124m²/g,平均孔径56.8～254.8 A.电子扫描电镜分析了样品的表面结构为多孔高孔隙率结构在固定床中对4种样品进行动态脱硫试验,试验结果表明烧结温度在540℃时制备的样品品质较好,每g TiO₂颗粒可吸附38.9mg的SO₂.以SG 540样品为例,研究了固定床中吸附温度,气相中SO2的浓度以及气体流速对其脱硫吸附性能的影响.与活性炭、沸石物理吸附剂比较,TiO₂颗粒具有较高的脱硫吸附能力.FTIR红外光谱分析法,结合加热脱附试验的结果,得知TiO₂颗粒吸附剂脱硫的机理主要是物理吸附.     

Continuous biohydrogen production from diluted molasses in an anaerobic contact reactor

An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d^-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d^-1 and 1.40 mol H₂·molglucose-consumed^-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS^-1·d^-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m^-3·d^-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production.