Nitrifying population dynamics in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR) for treating ammonium-rich wastewater

Nitrogen removal performance and nitrifying population dynamics were investigated in a redox stratified membrane biofilm reactor (RSMBR) under oxygen limited condition to treat ammonium-rich wastewater. When the NH4+-N loading rate increased from 11.1±1.0 to 37.2±3.2 gNH4+-N·m-2·d-1, the nitrogen removal in the RSMBR system increased from 18.0±9.6 mgN·d^-1 to 128.9±61.7 mgN·d^-1. Shortcut nitrogen removal was achieved with nitrite accumulation of about 22.3±5.3 mgNO2--N·L-1. Confocal micrographs showed the stratified distributions of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in the membrane aerated biofilms (MABs) at day 120, i.e., ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (AOB and NOB) were dominant in the region adjacent to the membrane, while heterotrophic bacteria propagated at the top of the biofilm. Real-time qPCR results showed that the abundance of amoA gene was two orders of magnitude higher than the abundance of nxrA gene in the MABs. However, the nxrA gene was always detected during the operation time, which indicates the difficulty of complete washout of NOB in MABs. The growth of heterotrophic bacteria compromised the dominance of nitrifiers in biofilm communities, but it enhanced the denitrification performance of the RSMBR system. Applying a high ammonia loading together with oxygen limitation was found to be an effective way to start nitrite accumulation in MABs, but other approaches were needed to sustain or improve the extent of nitritation in nitrogen conversion in MABs.     

三维电极电催化氧化法处理废水的研究进展

综述了近几年国内外在三维电极电化学反应器方面的最新研究进展,分析了电源的输出形式、阴阳极板的布置方式、粒子电极的填充方式等因素对废水处理效果的影响,探讨了碳纳米材料等新材料在粒子电极载体上的应用,最后介绍了三维电极法与其他技术联用的最新研究,并指出了三维电极法存在的问题及今后的研究方向。     

改进型ABR+复合生物反应器处理糕点残渣废水

介绍了改进型ABR+复合生物反应器在糕点残渣废水处理工程实例中的应用,运行结果表明:该工艺运行稳定、操作简便、运行成本低,处理糕点残渣废水可获得良好的效果,出水水质达GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。     

Fermentative hydrogen production from beet sugar factory wastewater treatment in a continuous stirred tank reactor using anaerobic mixed consortia

A low pH, ethanol-type fermentation process was evaluated for wastewater treatment and bio-hydrogen production from acidic beet sugar factory wastewater in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with an effective volume of 9.6 L by anaerobic mixed cultures in this present study. After inoculating with aerobic activated sludge and operating at organic loading rate (OLR) of 12 kgCOD?m^-3·d^-1, HRT of 8h, and temperature of 35°C for 28 days, the CSTR achieved stable ethanol-type fermentation. When OLR was further increased to 18 kgCOD?m^-3·d^-1 on the 53rd day, ethanol-type fermentation dominant microflora was enhanced. The liquid fermentation products, including volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and ethanol, stabilized at 1493 mg·L^-1 in the bioreactor. Effluent pH, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and alkalinity ranged at 4.1–4.5, -250–(-290) mV, and 230–260 mgCaCO₃?L^-1. The specific hydrogen production rate of anaerobic activated sludge was 0.1 L?gMLVSS^-1·d^-1 and the COD removal efficiency was 45%. The experimental results showed that the CSTR system had good operation stability and microbial activity, which led to high substrate conversion rate and hydrogen production ability.     

气浮-复合好氧反应器-BAF处理屠宰废水

活禽屠宰及禽肉加工生产废水有机物和悬浮颗粒物含量较高,可生化性较好。采用气浮-复合好氧反应器-BAF组合工艺处理该废水,运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,出水水质中COD、BOD5、SS、动植物油、NH3-N的平均浓度分别为50,11,30,10和2 mg/L,水质达到GB 13457—1992《肉类加工工业水污染物排放标准》(禽类屠宰加工)中的一级排放标准。     

单级好氧生物除磷工艺处理生活污水

采用SBR单级好氧生物除磷工艺处理生活污水,检验该工艺处理实际污水的可行性和稳定性,并与传统厌氧/好氧工艺进行比较.结果表明,当进水磷浓度为2~10mg/L时,SBR单级好氧生物除磷工艺能高效去除污水中的磷,经过长期运行去除效果稳定,去除率保持在90%以上,最高可达98.6%.该工艺对污水中的氨氮、TN、COD等污染物也具有良好的去除效果,平均去除率分别在92%、87%、90%以上,并可实现同步脱氮除磷.SBR单级好氧生物除磷工艺无厌氧段实现强化生物除磷,与传统厌氧/好氧工艺相比,除磷能力相当,但运行成本较低,经济性优势明显.     

光催化膜反应器的设计及其在水处理中的应用

作为一种新型的水处理装置,光催化膜反应器具有反应迅速、降解效率高、降解彻底、无二次污染等特点,在节水减排、微污染水处理、中水回用等方面具有重要的应用价值。总结目前国内外各种不同类型的光催化膜反应器的设计、特点及在水处理中的应用情况,并对其今后的发展提出建议。     

啤酒废水同步脱氮除磷工艺启动研究

为了将短程硝化反硝化与A/O法除磷同时应用于SBR工艺处理啤酒废水,通过改变序批式反应器(SBR)工艺运行方式,使活性污泥依次经历厌氧、好氧、缺氧3个阶段,控制ρ(MLSS)=4 700 mg/L、pH=7.5～8.0、DO=0.3～0.5 mg/L(好氧阶段)。反应器内短程硝化反硝化同步除磷效果明显,氨氮去除率大于90%,亚硝酸盐积累率大于85%,磷去除率大于98%。试验结果表明短程硝化反硝化与A/O法除磷可同时应用于SBR工艺处理啤酒废水。     

紫外辐射与生物膜同步耦合降解喹啉

紫外辐射光解与生物降解同步耦合的气升式内循环反应器用于喹啉的降解.实验过程中分别采用单独紫外光解、单独生物降解和紫外光解与生物降解同步耦合的方法对喹啉进行降解.结果表明,喹啉在紫外光解与生物降解同步耦合的作用下,其降解速率明显提高.喹啉降解动力学分析结果表明,喹啉的生物降解可以用有抑制性的Haldane模型描述.相比生物降解过程,单独紫外光解对喹啉的降解速率可以忽略,但将紫外辐射与生物降解耦合在一起后,可以提高喹啉的最大降解速率近1倍并减小抑制常数36%,同时还可以提高喹啉的矿化程度.     

内循环厌氧反应器处理十溴联苯醚

在中低温厌氧条件下,采用IC厌氧反应器降解BDE-209废水。结果表明:在温度为18～30℃,反应器运行62 d,第14天反应器出现颗粒污泥,随着运行时间和容积负荷的增加,颗粒污泥的粒径不断增大。当进水ρ(COD)为11 000 mg/L,控制HRT为24 h,COD容积负荷为11.7 kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率稳定在70%以上,BDE-209降解效率达26.8%。