三维电极电吸附动态反应器的除氟特征研究

采用自制的单极性复合型三维阳极作为第三维电极对含氟水进行动态电促吸附实验,通过研究不同填充床高度、阴阳极板间距、隔膜材料对电促吸附除氟效果的影响,确定反应器的最佳结构参数为:填充床高度20 cm、阴阳极板间距4 cm、隔膜为nafion117膜。工作电压、进水pH、进水流速、共存物质对氟离子去除效果的影响结果表明:在一定范围内增大工作电压,降低进水pH或进水流速均可提高除氟效果。相应的最佳操作条件为:工作电压7 V、进水流速4 mL/min、酸性pH;腐殖酸和碳酸根离子的存在会对氟离子去除产生较强抑制作用,低浓度的氯离子可促进氟离子的电促吸附。扫描电镜(SEM)-电子能谱(EDX)的表征结果显示三维颗粒电极的表面及孔隙内部均可吸附氟离子,且电吸附后并未出现电极腐蚀现象。     

内循环管式光催化反应器降解水中喹啉的动力学研究

采用内循环管式光催化反应器,考察不同的温度、有机物底物浓度、光照强度、曝气强度等因素对水中喹啉的降解效果影响,在此基础上进行降解动力学研究。实验结果表明:温度、喹啉初始浓度、光照强度、曝气强度等因素与喹啉的催化降解呈现良好的相关关系,喹啉的表观吸附平衡常数为0.0244 L/mg,溶解氧表观吸附平衡常数为2.11,反应活化能为16.734 kJ/mol,光照强度修正指数为0.525。     

双循环垂直筛板喷射鼓泡脱硫塔的吸收性能

设计了一种中试规模的双循环垂直筛板喷射鼓泡脱硫塔,该塔由直径分别为600 mm和150 mm的两套垂直筛板结构组成双循环。一级循环采用了一块下端开有栅孔的大直径垂直筛板,二级循环则采用了上端开有栅孔的小直径垂直筛板。两级垂直筛板上的布气栅孔均可埋入吸收液下,使塔内的气液混合处于喷射鼓泡吸收状态。研究了小直径垂直筛板埋入深度分别对单独采用二级循环和采用双循环时装置脱硫效率的影响。单独采用二级循环,在保持脱硫液pH值和烟气SO2浓度一致的情况下,小直径垂直筛板的液位高度为220 mm时(喷射鼓泡操作方式)比液位高度为80 mm时(即典型小直径垂直筛板操作方式)的脱硫效率高40%左右。采用双循环操作模式时,小直径垂直筛板液位高度为220 mm时(喷射鼓泡操作方式)比液位高度为80 mm时(即典型小垂直筛板操作方式)的总脱硫效率高30%左右。     

厨余垃圾好氧堆肥与污泥厌氧消化一体化处理

利用自行研制的城镇生活垃圾与污水厂污泥一体化处理反应器对厨余垃圾好氧堆肥和污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化进行了实验研究,结果表明,在环境温度8~17.2℃的条件下,垃圾仓温度范围为17.2~50℃,堆肥垃圾含水率由(91.0±1.8)%降为(85.1±5.2)%,p H维持在5.92~7.40之间,VS/TS由0.78±0.06降为0.60±0.12,垃圾蛋白酶活性在第15天后维持在153.5~347.5 U/g DW。污泥仓温度主要范围为25~35℃,排泥含水率由(99.2±0.3)%降为(96.0±1.5)%,p H维持在6.77~6.97之间,VS/TS由0.66±0.07下降为0.44±0.11。污泥仓日均产气量为(44.7±8.6)L,其中甲烷平均体积分数为(61.32±4.68)%,污泥蛋白酶活性在第4天后稳定在0.98~1.78 U/m L之间。一体化反应器实现了厨余垃圾与污水厂污泥在同一反应器中集中处理,并利用垃圾堆肥时产生的热量为污泥浓缩消化提供温度条件。     

新型三维电极生物膜反应器启动特性

为提高三维电极生物膜工艺(3DEBR)脱氮效率,通过改变反应器内部电极布置形式和极板间距,探讨了新型结构反应器启动运行和反硝化脱氮特性.结果表明,新型结构反应器挂膜迅速,启动快,脱氮效果更高,TN和NO3--N的去除率稳定在94.87％和99％左右;且具有较强的缓冲pH值能力;在一定程度上抑制了NO2--N、NH4+-N的积累以及高电流条件下碳棒的电解.新型结构的反应器能在高电流条件下获得较高的脱氮效率和稳定的出水水质.     

Piggery waste treatment by using down-flow anaerobic fixed bed reactors

A study of the role of the depth in the performance of laboratory-scale down-flow anaerobic fixed-bed reactors (DFAFBR) was carried out at different nominal hydraulic retention times (HRT _N ) using piggery waste as substrate at different influent concentrations (2, 4, 6 and 8 g COD/L). The profiles of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) (SCOD), organic nitrogen (O.N.), ammonia nitrogen (A.N.), pH and electrical conductivity (E.C.) through the reactor depths showed an initial highly active zone, which was located around the first half of the reactor depth, and a second zone with a lower biological activity. It was found that the depth of the active zone decreased as the HRT _N increased and that the slopes of the profiles obtained increased with the rise in the influent concentration. A hydraulic test showed an increase in the dispersion number when the HRT _N increased. The reactors showed a hydraulic pattern between plug-flow and back-mix. The real values of HRT (Θ) also defined as real contact times were determined to be 0.7, 2.1, 3.4, 4.7, 6.4 and 8 days for values of HRT _N of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days, respectively. It was found that the concentration of SCOD within the reactor decreased exponentially with the increase in the value of θ. Additionally, the influent concentration had a strong influence on the SCOD variation concentration, mainly at values of θ under 1.5 days, which corresponded to the first part of the reactors.     

移动床生物膜反应器预处理含酚废水

采用两级移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）预处理高挥发酚含量的石化厂汽提净化水,考察了HRT和DO对废水中挥发酚和COD去除效果的影响。实验结果表明：在两级MBBR总HRT为10 h、MBBR中部废水DO 为1~3 mg/L的条件下, 装置连续运行处理ρ（挥发酚）=110~201 mg/L、COD=644~1 827 mg/L、BOD₅/COD=0.15~0.69的废水,两级MBBR处理后出水平均ρ（挥发酚）为17.6 mg/L,挥发酚去除率达87.9%;平均COD为745 mg/L,COD去除率为32.7%;出水BOD₅/COD平均为0.68,表明经过两级MBBR处理后,废水的可生化性有所提高,有利于废水的后续生化处理。     

Optimization of esterification of fatty acid rubber seed oil for methyl ester synthesis in a plug flow reactor

To date, non-food vegetable oil has been considered as the primary source for biodiesel production. Rubber seed oil has high acid value (34 mgKOH/g) and can be used for biodiesel synthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate esterification of fatty acid, which derived from rubber seed oil, in a plug flow reactor system at high temperature and low methanol consumption. Response surface methodology was applied for design experiment and optimization of esterification reaction. Temperature, methanol consumption, and sulfuric acid were chosen as variables to examine their influence in a conversion to methyl ester. At 140°C, at 5:1 methanol to fatty acid ratio (by mole), H₂SO₄ 1.5 (%v/w), and space time 20 min, the conversion to methyl ester attained 98.2%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used for analysis and to confirm the formation of methyl ester. Methyl ester was characterized for biodiesel fuel properties in accordance to ASTM standard.     

The use of naturally generated volatile fatty acids for herbicide removal via denitrification

This research focuses on the removal of 2, 4-D via denitrification, with a particular emphasis on the effect of adding naturally generated volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as a carbon source. These VFAs had been produced from an acid-phase anaerobic digester (mean VFA concentration of 3153 ± 801 mg/L [as acetic acid]). The first step involved developing 2, 4-D degrading bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) fed with both sewage and 2, 4-D (30–100 mg/L). Subsequent denitrification batch tests demonstrated that the specific denitrification rate increased from 0.0119 ± 0.0039 to 0.0192 ± 0.0079 g NO₃-N/g volatile suspended solids (VSS) per day, when using 2, 4-D alone versus 2, 4-D plus natural VFAs from the digester as a carbon source. Similarly, the specific 2, 4-D consumption rate increased from 0.0016 ± 0.0009 to 0.0055 ± 0.0021 g 2,4-D/g VSS per day, when using 2, 4-D alone as compared to using 2, 4-D plus natural VFAs. Finally, a parallel increase in the percent 2, 4-D removal was observed, rising from 28.33 ± 11.88 using 2, 4-D alone to 54.17 ± 21.89 using 2, 4-D plus natural VFAs.     

基于SIMULINK的硝化反应动力学模型的仿真

利用MATLAB/SIMULINK对序批式生物膜反应器内的氨氧化细菌与亚硝酸盐氧化菌的生化反应进行仿真预测。模型的验证结果表明,适当的选择模型中的溶解氧浓度、碱度以及温度3种参数,SIMULINK仿真动力学模型能够比较准确地对氨氧化细菌与亚硝酸氧化细菌处理生活污水的过程进行仿真和预测.NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N 3种基质仿真值的绝对平均误差最大为15.88,最小为1.13;NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N的Nash.Suttcliffe模拟效率系数分别为99.36%、98.64%和99.25%;此外,还对SIMULINK仿真动力学模型中的溶解氧浓度、碱度以及温度进行了灵敏度分析,结果表明,温度的灵敏度最大、溶解氧次之、碱度灵敏度相对最小。