选择压法培育好氧颗粒污泥的试验

以普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,葡萄糖为碳源,在序批式反应器中培育出好氧颗粒污泥增加COD负荷的同时,减少沉降时间以造成选择压,强化好氧颗粒污泥的形成根据污泥的形态变化,颗粒污泥的形成可分为3个阶段.反应器启动67d出现颗粒污泥COD负荷4.8kg/(m³·d)、表面气体流速0.0175m/s时,反应器中活性污泥完全颗粒化颗粒污泥粒径大多6～9mm,MLSS 7800mg/L,最小沉降速率32.7m/h.好氧颗粒污泥具有在高负荷下良好的COD去除率.对好氧颗粒污泥的基本性质及其形成的影响因素进行了初步分析.     

EGSB反应器处理链霉素有机废水工业性试验研究

本文介绍了在厌氧中温发酵 (35± l℃ )条件下 ,采用膨胀颗粒污泥床 (EGSB)反应器日处理 2 0 0 t链霉素有机废水的工业性试验研究。试验结果表明 :在控制低浓度进料 ,COD在 2 0 0 0～ 70 0 0 mg/L、COD/SO2 - 4=7～ 1 0的条件下 ,有效地降低了毒性物质的抑制作用 ,使反应器成功启动并培养出颗粒污泥 ;当进料 COD在 70 0 0～ 1 30 0 0 mg/L,HRT为 3～ 5h,p H值为 6.8～ 7.2时 ,COD去除率可达75% ,反应器容积负荷最高可达 1 5.8kg COD/(m3.d) ,而 SO2 - 4去除率可有效地控制在 60 %～ 70 % ,实现了 EGSB反应器对链霉素废水中有机物和硫酸盐的有效去除。     

有机物对ANAMMOX反应器运行性能的影响

研究了有机物对ANAMMOX反应器运行性能的影响.在没有有机物的条件下,进水基质(氨氮和亚硝氮)浓度为70～280 mg·L-1,容积总氮负荷为0.29～0.72 kg·m-3·d-1,氨氮去除率86.0%～99.7%,亚硝氮去除率88.7%～99.3%.添加有机物(酵母膏100 mg·L-1)后,ANAMMOX反应器运行性能与容积总氮负荷有关.容积总氮负荷低于0.43 kg·m-3·d-1时,有机物对ANAMMOX反应器运行性能的影响较小,氨氮和亚硝氮去除率保持在94%以上;但当容积总氮负荷为0.72 kg·m-3·d-1时,有机物对ANAMMOX反应器运行性能产生严重影响,氨氮和亚硝氮去除率降至75%以下.停止添加有机物并降低容积总氮负荷,可在短期内消除有机物对ANAMMOX反应器运行性能的影响.     

高温污泥厌氧消化器的启动

污泥厌氧消化是最常用的污泥减量化和稳定化技术,高温消化污泥稳定快,但我国缺乏启动和运行经验,故进行了高温厌氧消化器处理剩余活性污泥的中试启动试验.所采用的消化器为内循环消化器,它属于升流式反应器.依赖回流沼气控制反应器的水力状况.启动采用了分步适应的策略,促进厌氧细菌适应温度、反应器构型和处理对象的变化.主要措施有:启...     

对比分析HRT对ACR乙醇型和丁酸型发酵制氢系统的影响

以糖蜜废水为基质,采用两套厌氧接触式发酵制氢反应器(ACR)分别在p H为4.5~5.0、5.5~6.0下的启动和运行,以分别考察乙醇型和丁酸型发酵系统在不同水力停留时间(HRT)下的运行特性.结果显示,当进水COD=5000 mg·L-1,HRT从12 h缩短至4 h时,乙醇型发酵制氢系统中的产氢微生物菌属得到不断富集,在HRT=4 h时,系统的产氢速率和污泥比产氢速率分别达到30.1 L·d-1和13.5 mmol·g-1·d-1;而HRT的缩短使得丁酸型发酵系统内生物量减小,导致底物的转化率下降,反应器在HRT为8 h时,系统获得最大产氢速率,为9.3 L·d-1.研究结果也表明,在HRT为4~12 h的运行中,ACR乙醇型发酵系统的产氢效能始终优于丁酸型发酵制氢系统,其单位基质的氢气转化率约为丁酸型发酵的1.5~2.2倍.     

厌氧氨氧化工艺在UASB反应器中的启动运行研究

利用UASB反应器进行了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动运行研究。以自配高氮低碳废水为进水,普通厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在温度35℃,pH7.5～8.0的条件下连续运行220d,成功实现了厌氧氨氧化工艺的启动,氨氮容积负荷为0.43kg/(m~3·d)时,氨氮的去除率最高达88.3％,扫描电镜的观察结果表明,厌氧氨氧化污泥中的细菌以形状不规则的短杆菌为主。     

生物膜反应器厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能研究

利用厌氧氨氧化生物膜反应器,分别研究提高基质浓度和缩短水力停留时间(HRT)对提高反应器总氮容积去除负荷的影响。实验之前总氮容积去除负荷达到2.11kgN(/m·3d),总氮去除率为87.9%。以提高基质浓度的方式经过50d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷稳定在4.0kgN(/m·3d),进水总氮浓度从300mg/L逐渐提高到700mg/L,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到70mg/L和100mg/L;以缩短HRT的方式经过55d的培养,总氮容积去除负荷达到7.0kgN(/m·3d),HRT由3h缩短至0.67h,NH4+-N、NO2--N出水浓度分别达到40mg/L和60mg/L。实验结果表明随着进水基质浓度的增加水中游离氨和亚硝酸的浓度随之增加,从而抑制厌氧氨氧化菌活性,不利于反应器脱氮效能的提高。在相同总氮容积负荷下缩短HRT有利于厌氧氨氧化细菌的富集,但过短的HRT容易导致微生物流失。     

Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A using an integrated system of a new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed reactor and micrometer Gd-doped TiO2 particles

A new gas-liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed photocatalytic reactor (GLSCFBPR) with internally placed multi-layered UV lamps was developed. Micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles and commercial nanometer P25-TiO₂ were chosen as the photocatalysts, and the hazardous substance bisphenol A (BPA) was chosen as the model pollutant to investigate the performance of this new photocatalytic system. The results showed that the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the micrometer Gd-TiO₂ particles was similar to that of the nanometer P-25 particles at their respective optimum dosage but the former could be easily separated out by gravity. After investigating the effects of process parameters on the photocatalytic BPA degradation, the response surface method (RSM) was further used for process optimization. The interactions among process parameters, i.e., TiO₂ concentration, superficial gas velocity and superficial liquid velocity were discovered and a related analysis was carried out to explore the underlying mechanism. A quadratic mathematic model was established and performed satisfactorily when used for prediction. The optimum conditions for this new process were as follows: TiO₂ concentration 4.5 g/L, superficial gas velocity 7.83 × 10^-3 m/sec and superficial liquid velocity 8.65 × 10^-3 m/sec.     

柠檬酸废水处理工艺--IC厌氧反应器和好氧生化技术

介绍了ＩＣ厌氧反应器的运行管理、启动情况、运行结果，介绍了兼氧－好氧生化技术并提出了进一步改进的措施，柠檬酸废水通过ＩＣ厌氧反应器和兼氧一好氧技术工艺流程，达到污水综合排放标准中的二级标准。     

Electrochemical oxidation of recalcitrant organic compounds in biologically treated municipal solid waste leachate in a flow reactor

Biologically-treated municipal solid waste （MSW） leachate still contains many kinds of bit-recalcitrant organic matter. A new plate and frame electrochemical reactor was designed to treat these materials under flow conditions. In the electrochemical oxidation process, NH3 and color could be easily removed by means of electro-generated chlorinefaypochlorite within 20 min. The effects of major process parameters on the removal of organic pollutants were investigated systematically. Under experimental conditions, the optimum operation parameters were current density of 65 mA/cm^2, flow velocity of 2.6 cm/sec in electrode gap, and initial chloride ion concentration of 5000 mg/L. The COD in the leachate could be reduced below 100 mg/L after 1 hr of treatment. The kinetics and mechanism of COD removal were investigated by simultaneously monitoring the COD change and chlorine/hypochlorite production. The kinetics of COD removal exhibited a two-stage kinetic model, and the decrease of electro-generated chlorine/hypochlorite production was the major mechanism for the slowing down of the COD removal rate in the second stage. The narrowing of the electrode gap is beneficial for COD removal and energy consumption.