基于微气泡曝气的生物膜反应器处理废水研究

微气泡曝气有助于强化氧传质过程,在废水好氧生物处理中具有潜在的应用优势;生物膜反应器是应用微气泡曝气的可行工艺形式.本研究在生物膜反应器中采用SPG膜微气泡曝气处理模拟生活废水,探讨反应器连续运行过程中,SPG膜空气通透性、溶解氧变化、污染物去除效果及氧利用情况.结果表明,基于SPG膜微气泡曝气的生物膜反应器能够实现长期连续稳定运行,是微气泡曝气与废水好氧生物处理结合的可行方式.SPG膜表面性质及膜孔径影响其空气通透性,疏水性膜的空气通透性优于亲水性膜;膜孔径越大,空气通透性越好.一定的SPG膜空气通量下,反应器内的溶解氧浓度主要受有机负荷影响.SPG膜微气泡曝气生物膜反应器较优的COD处理负荷(以SPG膜面积计算)为6.88 kg·(m2.d)-1.氨氮的去除主要受溶解氧浓度及生物膜内氧扩散传质的影响,在高有机负荷下生物膜内出现同步硝化反硝化.微气泡曝气的氧利用率显著高于传统曝气方式,在优化的运行条件下,氧利用率可以接近100%.     

反硝化除磷污泥的缺氧吸磷性能研究

为探讨反硝化除磷过程中污泥的缺氧吸磷性能,利用厌氧/缺氧强化驯化得到的反硝化除磷污泥,通过间歇性试验考察不同电子受体类型、不同污泥浓度(MLSS)对吸磷过程的影响。试验结果表明,缺氧条件下反硝化除磷菌(DPB)利用硝酸盐作为电子受体能够彻底吸磷,其吸磷速率约为好氧吸磷的59%;若以亚硝酸盐为电子受体,浓度较低时(10.6 mg/L)的吸磷速率与硝酸盐为电子受体时相当,但较高的亚硝酸盐浓度(22.6 mg/L)会抑制反硝化除磷过程;适当提高污泥浓度能加快缺氧吸磷速度,而过高的污泥浓度会降低污泥对氮、磷的比去除速率,故应将MLSS控制在合理的范围内。     

Anaerobic treatment of sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (AnSBR) using butanol as the carbon source

Biological sulfate reduction was studied in a laboratory-scale anaerobic sequential batch reactor (14 L) containing mineral coal for biomass attachment. The reactor was fed industrial wastewater with increasingly high sulfate concentrations to establish its application limits. Special attention was paid to the use of butanol in the sulfate reduction that originated from melamine resin production. This product was used as the main organic amendment to support the biological process. The reactor was operated for 65 cycles (48 h each) at sulfate loading rates ranging from 2.2 to 23.8 g SO(4)(2-)/cycle, which corresponds to sulfate concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1). The sulfate removal efficiency reached 99% at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1). At higher sulfate concentrations (2.0 and 3.0 g SO(4)(2-) L(-1)), the sulfate conversion remained in the range of 71-95%. The results demonstrate the potential applicability of butanol as the carbon source for the biological treatment of sulfate in an anaerobic batch reactor.     

Modeling of the denitrification/anaerobic digestion process of salmon fishery wastewater in a biofilm tubular reactor

The literature has paid scarce attention to the modeling of the denitrification-anaerobic digestion process in packed bed biofilm tubular reactors used to treat wastewater. The present study obtained a steady-state model for industrial salmon fishery wastewater treatment in a biofilm tubular reactor, including pH as a variable and the effect of biomass on hydrolysis. The axial profile of the reactor components and process efficiency were predicted with deviations below 6%. The optimal operating zone for the process was found at hydraulic retention time (HRT)>1.5d and inlet protein concentration (S(prot,0))<3000 mgTOCL(-1). Based on our results, we concluded that the removal of organic matter and nitrogen compounds depended mainly on HRT. The effluent pH was mainly affected by the C/N ratio, where a decrease increases pH. Organic matter removal was related with the anaerobic digestion process, while denitrification influenced mostly nitrate and nitrite removal.     

PICRUSt2 functionally predicts organic compounds degradation and sulfate reduction pathways in an acidogenic bioreactor

• Over 70% reduction of sulfate was achieved for sulfate less than 12000 mg/L. • The decrease of genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) induced the accumulation of VFAs. • The sulfate reduction genes were primary carried by genus Desulfovibrio. • Sulfate favored assimilatory, but inhibited dissimilatory sulfate reduction process. For comprehensive insights into the influences of sulfate on performance, microbial community and metabolic pathways in the acidification phase of a two-phase anaerobic system, a laboratory-scale acidogenic bioreactor was continuously operated to treat wastewater with elevated sulfate concentrations from 2000 to 14000 mg/L. The results showed that the acidogenic bioreactor could achieve sulfate reduction efficiency of greater than 70% for influent sulfate content less than 12000 mg/L. Increased sulfate induced the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), especially propionate and butyrate, which was the primary negative effects to system performance under the high-sulfate environment. High-throughput sequencing coupled with PICRUSt2 uncovered that the accumulation of VFAs was triggered by the decreasing of genes encoding short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (EC: 1.3.8.1), regulating the transformation of propanoyl-CoA to propenoyl-CoA and butanoyl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA of propionate and butyrate oxidation pathways, which made these two process hardly proceed. Besides, genes encoding (EC: 1.3.8.1) were mainly carried by order Clostridiales. Desulfovibrio was the most abundant sulfate-reducing bacteria and identified as the primary host of dissimilatory sulfate reduction functional genes. Functional analysis indicated the dissimilatory sulfate reduction process predominated under a low sulfate environment, but was not favored under the circumstance of high-sulfate. With the increase of sulfate, the assimilatory sulfate reduction process finally overwhelmed dissimilatory as the dominant sulfate reduction pathway in acidogenic bioreactor.     

微生物燃料电池耦合连续搅拌反应系统(CSTR)低温下处理“糖蜜-电镀”废水

为提高传统微生物燃料电池(MFC)在低温条件下的效率,实现实验装置放大化.本实验将连续搅拌反应系统(CSTR)与双极室微生物燃料电池系统相结合,连续流处理糖蜜废水,并间接回收金属单质,处理模拟电镀废水,考察系统的产电性能和废水处理效果.结果表明,当系统稳定运行后,最高电压及功率密度分别可达到340 m V和58.65 m W·m-2.20 d后,系统COD去除率明显增加,最高COD去除率可达到81%.实验运行10 d后,银离子开始析出,最高去除率可达到90%左右.     

四区一体反应器冬季启动脱氮特性及硝化菌群结构分析

我国分散型污水处理问题亟待解决,研究开发了四区一体式生物膜-活性污泥生物脱氮反应器,采用梯度缩短HRT方法,考察了冬季8~15℃水温环境下的反应器COD、NH+4-N、TN去除效果,同时,采用荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)对种泥及其启动过程中的生物膜硝化菌群(AOB、NOB)结构进行分析,并对反应器运行效果与功能微生物的相关关系进行了探讨.结果表明,在HRT为9.2 h下COD、NH+4-N、TN去除率分别为92.11%、99.21%、61.63%;启动末期生物膜内AOB、NOB数量是种泥的5.82倍、6.14倍,硝化细菌占总菌量由6.12%上升至16.38%,成为生物膜的优势菌群;末期硝化效率由初期78.49%上升至97.52%,NOB数量增长5.61倍,AOB/NOB值优化为1.47,反应器内富集生长的AOB、NOB及合适的AOB/NOB比值是确保硝化出水水质的重要保障.     

PN-ANAMMOX一体化反应器处理电子行业PCB废水

利用已经启动成功并达到稳定脱氮效能的部分亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化一体化反应器,研究碱性印制电路板(PCB)废水自养生物脱氮的可行性及运行特性.结果表明,将进水NH+4-N浓度维持在220 mg·L-1时,经过80 d的运行,一体化反应器出水NH+4-N、NO-2-N浓度降低并稳定在4.0 mg·L-1和9.8 mg·L-1左右,脱氮效能最高达到1.29 kg·(m3·d)-1.同时出水总氮小于50 mg·L-1,满足接管排放标准.一体化反应器内好氧区NO-2-N产生速率最高为2.05 kg·(m3·d)-1,厌氧区的厌氧氨氧化菌最高脱氮效能为2.91 kg·(m3·d)-1,说明各功能菌在相应区域得到稳定地增长.一体化反应器适用于无机含氨的碱性PCB废液自养生物脱氮处理.     

污泥厌氧产酸发酵液作碳源强化污水脱氮除磷中试研究

为研究城市污泥厌氧产酸发酵液作为补充碳源强化生活污水脱氮除磷系统的效果和可行性,建造了一个总有效体积为4 660 L的A2/O中试反应系统,以实际城市污水为研究对象,考察了添加污泥产酸发酵液后的污水脱氮除磷效果并和单纯添加乙酸作碳源的效果进行了比较.结果表明,在进水COD为243.7 mg·L-1、NH+4-N为30.9 mg·L-1、TN为42.9 mg·L-1、TP为2.8 mg·L-1、硝化液回流比为200%和污泥回流比为100%的条件下,向缺氧池中投加乙酸能增强系统脱氮除磷效果,反应器的最佳进水流量和投加碳源SCOD增量分别为7 500 L·d-1和50 mg·L-1.污泥发酵液代替乙酸作为外加碳源时的平均出水COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP去除率分别为81.60%、88.91%、64.86%和87.61%,相对应的出水浓度分别为42.18、2.77、11.92和0.19 mg·L-1,满足我国《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》GB 18918-2002所规定的一级A标准.结果表明,投加污泥产酸发酵液作为脱氮除磷碳源可达到和乙酸同样的效果,具有实际可行性,这为城市污泥处理处置实现资源化提供了一条新的可行途径.     

Estimation of Biogas Generation from a Uasb Reactor via Multiple Regression Model

In this study, regression analysis based an estimation model for biogas generated from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating landfill leachate is developed using several leachate parameters, such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, alkalinity, chloride, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonia, total phosphorus. These landfill leachate parameters are monitorized over a period of 1000 days at 35 ± 1°C in the UASB reactor. In order to develop the best model giving highest estimation performance, eight model equations including different input parameter combinations are analyzed. Based on the results of regression analysis, the best coefficients of the model equation are determined. As a conclusion, the developed model in this study can give accurate biogas amount prediction for the USAB reactor-based leachate treatment system.