环境污染损失估价的索洛方程方法

本文提出了环境污染损失估价的索洛方程方法,同时,对环境价值存量的评估也进行了尝试,并且结合生产率的概念和索洛方程给出了环境污染损失的计算式,对其理论内涵及政策启示做了简要阐述。     

Review of studies on environmental impacts of recreation and tourism in Australia

The paper provides a review of available information on the impact of recreation and tourism on environments, particularly on vegetation and soil, in Australia, with an emphasis on forests. Efforts have been made to compare the current research and development situation in Australia with some overseas countries such as the United States and the United Kingdom. While many documents reveal that Australia has been experiencing an increasingly high level of recreation and tourism use in its environments, only limited studies of environmental impacts of recreation and tourism have been published. Compared with other developed countries, particularly the United Kingdom and the United States, Australia lags behind in undertaking research in this area. The results of these limited studies and some observations indicate that the most common recreational and tourist activities (such as bush walking, camping, horse-riding) can, if not well managed, adversely affect the values of Australian natural and semi-natural resources. Overall, they can affect the vegetation and other recreational sites physically and biologically. Physical effects include track formation, soil loss and/or compaction and an increase in fire frequency. Littering and water pollution are also seen as impacts associated with bush walking and camping. Biological effects include causing damage to vegetation, increasing risk of myrtle wilt disease and the spread of the soil pathogen,Phytophthora cinnamomi, as well as assisting weed dispersal. Based on the information reviewed, the authors suggest the following areas as priorities for future research into the environmental impact of recreation and tourism in Australia: determine the type of natural features that attract recreation use; determine the quantitative relationship between the impact and the level of recreation and tourism use for different activities within major vegetation habitats; ascertain site carrying capacity or environment thresholds for major vegetation habitats and recreation activities; and determine the impacts of recreation and tourism for major regions and major vegetation habitats where there have been considerable nature-based recreation and tourism activities.1998 Academic Press     

环境风险评价研究进展

重大环境污染事故常伴有人员伤亡,给社会、经济、人群健康和环境带来巨大破坏,环境风险评价是预防环境污染事故并提供有效应急措施的必要工作.对环境风险评价发展的三个阶段:健康风险评价、事故风险评价和综合风险评价进行了总结,并分析其研究进展、评价方法和研究不足之处,最后探讨了环境风险评价与环境风险管理的关系.结果表明,在未来几十年内,区域环境风险、长期环境风险、不确定性处理和环境毒理学、环境流行病学等方面将成为环境风险评价的重点研究领域.     

WEBGIS及其在环境管理上的应用

WebGIS是当前地理信息系统发展的一个重要方向,本文介绍了采用了Java技术和XML技术的新的WebGIS体系结构,并结合ArcIMS的定制开发,结合通化市污染物总量控制给出了吉林省环境保护行业的WebGIS应用系统开发实例.     

乌海市发展循环经济初探

乌海市是资源型城市，生态环境恶劣，资源短缺将成为乌海市可持续发展的瓶颈，而大力发展循环经济将是破解这一瓶颈的唯一途径，也是乌海市未来社会经济持续增长的核心因素。本文旨在探讨中小型资源城市发展循环经济，在企业、园区、区域三个层面努力构建循环经济体系。     

在环境地学研究中应用GIS急需解决的问题分析

地理信息系统已经成为环境地学的常用工具，但主要被用来存储和显示地图，没有发挥其应有的功能。本文认为多源空间数据集成、空间数据分析和挖掘队及模型集成等是其中三个最主要问题。多源环境数据集成是基础，空间分析是连接多源数据集成与模型集成的桥梁和纽带，数据通过这个桥梁传输给模型，模型对环境系统进行模拟和仿真。这些问题的解决有利于更好地在环境地学中应用地理信息系统。     

城市水资源系统综合评价指标体系初探

基于中国城市缺水的历史和现状，运用系统研究的方法，对影响城市水资源系统的自然禀赋、供水能力、用水效率和排放处理等子系统因素进行了综合分析，建立了包括目标层、准则层、指标层和方案层４个层次的城市水资源系统综合指标体系，并对评价程序和方法进行了理论分析，最后就目标层和准则层的可能评价结果建立了多维城市水资源综合评语集，对城市缺水类型进行分析，并可据此提出相应对策。     

嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用

利用嗜热微生物处理高温排放废水是一项很有前任的废水处理技术，文章对嗜热微生物好氧处理废水及厌氧处理废水的发展进程和研究现状做了综述，例举了嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用，并论证了一定工艺条件下高温废水处理的可行性和优越性；最后对嗜热微生物在废水处理中的应用前景作了展望。     

大气环境质量预测与计算机技术的结合--"大气污染扩散空间信息系统研究"小论

简述了在“大气污染扩散空间信息系统研究”项目中 ,大气环境质量预测的理论和计算机技术有机结合起来 ,达到了取长补短的目的     

生物多样性与城市景观生态建设

论述了生物多样性在城市景观中的重要作用，生物多样的现代城市中的衰落以及城市生物多样性保护与景观生态建设的关系，提出应将生物多样性保护计划同城市景观生态建设结合起来。