Drivers' Assessment of Ford's Belt Reminder System

In recent model years, Ford vehicles have been equipped with a supplementary seat belt reminder system that flashes and chimes intermittently for up to 5 min if the driver is unbelted. Sound- and light-based belt reminder systems of various types are beginning to appear in the market place, and it is important to learn about their acceptance and ability to increase belt use. The present study was designed to ascertain consumer reaction and reported belt use regarding the Ford system. Personal interviews were conducted with 405 drivers of vehicles with the reminder system. Among the drivers, 67% said they had activated the belt reminder one or more times, 73% said that the last time this happened they fastened their belts, 46% said their belt use had increased since driving this vehicle, 78% said they liked the reminder system, and 79% said they wanted a reminder system like this in their next vehicle. Five percent had disabled the system. Part-time users were responsive to the reminder, for example, of those who said they currently used belts usually but not on some occasions, 70% said they fastened their seat belts the last time the reminder was activated and 76% said their belt use had increased. Five percent spontaneously mentioned the belt reminder as an especially disliked feature of their new vehicles, and 2% said their belt use had decreased since having it. The 7% of respondents who reported they used belts never or very occasionally were least responsive to the system. Overall, the Ford belt reminder system is being favorably received.     

沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地现状与生态功能利用探讨

针对沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区的地域特点,详尽地分析了此地区的主要资源及保护、开发利用现状,从加大湿地保护的宣传力度,提高群众的环境保护意识等五个方面提出湿地保护建议和措施。保护是为了可持续发展,文中指出沈阳卧龙湖省级自然保护区湿地资源的科学合理开发利用一定要把它纳入到整体规划中去,在保护的前提下,走可持续发展之路。     

西安市LUCC预测生态系统服务价值损失

人类活动作用于土地资源,使LUCC（土地利用／土地覆被变化）在全球环境变化过程中起主导作用,随着国际LUCC研究计划的进展,各国依据本国的实际情况开展研究。对西安市以往五年（2000-2004年）的土地利用基础数据开展调查统计分析,建立灰色系统动态GM（1,1）模型,预测2005—2010年西安市土地利用结构变化状况,尝试计算西安市土地生态系统服务价值损失（简称生态损失）,用一种直观经济指标-货币来反映这种生态损失。预测2010年西安市生态损失为331、84×10^6元。     

堆积体边坡渐进性破坏的随机模型

为精确模拟堆积体边坡变形破坏过程,根据堆积体所固有的非连续性、非均质性、各向异性等特点,以及边坡变形破坏的渐进性特征,采用改进的有限单元法(FEM)对堆积体边坡进行模拟。考虑堆积体边坡从连续位移函数到不连续位移函数的突变。破裂发生前,用连续位移函数进行计算;破裂发生后,引入不连续位移函数。研究结果表明,破裂面上不同点的安全系数(FOS)是不同的,但都随着破坏过程而降低。同时,可以得出不同非均匀程度下安全系数的概率分布。     

CO2注气压力对CH4驱替特性影响实验研究*

为研究CO2驱替CH4过程中注气压力对气体解吸特性的影响,采用自主搭建的驱替实验平台,在0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa不同注气压力下进行驱替实验,研究CO2驱替CH4过程中煤层温度、气体浓度、置换效率和渗透率等变化规律。实验结果表明:提高CO2注气压力可提高CO2置换驱替煤层CH4的效果。随着注气压力增大,CH4累计解吸量增大,CO2突破时间越短,CO2封存量越大,置换效率升高,驱替比下降。注气压力为0.6,0.8,1.0 MPa时,CH4累计解吸量分别为90.2,94.1,97.8 L;CO2封存量分别为19.73,19.92,20.21 mL/g;置换效率由76.9%上升到80.2%再到82.9%,驱替比由3.28下降到3.17再到3.09。注气驱替CH4过程中煤层温度升高,可分为低速升温、高速升温和趋于平缓阶段。煤层温度最高变化量分别为9.4,11.5,12.7 ℃。同一注气压力下,煤层渗透率变化可分为缓慢增长、急剧下降和趋于稳定阶段。     

The effect on dispersal from complex correlations in small-scale movement

Calculations of large-scale displacement distances were made to evaluate the combined effect of small-scale movement pattern of a Collembola, Protaphorura armata. The effect of presence of food and conspecific density on turning angle, step length and activity/motility was investigated. Calculations of net square displacement were made both by assuming correlated random walk (CRW) and by resampling data to account for correlation structures in movement patterns that violate the assumptions of CRW.     

浅论农业可持续发展的新模式:资源循环型农业

阐述了资源循环型农业的基本概念及其特征,根据循环经济的相关理论和国内外农业发展的实际情况,指出我国农业应在生态农业的基础上,朝着资源循环型农业的目标发展。     

用监测资料确定滑坡滑动面的新方法

研究表明，滑坡位移斜率与滑坡滑动面形状有密切关系。在本文，笔者根据位移斜率提出了一种确定滑坡滑动面的新方法。     

厌氧水解-活性污泥法的生命周期能耗分析

运用生命周期分析技术可从全过程的视角识别和比较不同城市污水处理工艺在其生命周期各个阶段的能耗 ,并在此基础上提出改善其能效的措施。本文运用LCA方法对厌氧水解 -活性污泥法处理系统从其原材料开采和加工开始直至污水厂施工建设、处理运行以及废弃拆除的LC全过程能耗进行了识别和量化分析 ,并与普通活性污泥法进行了平行对照。研究结果表明 ,在微孔和穿孔管两种曝气条件下与普通活性污泥法相比 ,厌氧水解法的LC能耗分别节省 14.0 %和 17.6%。由于污泥产量较低 ,厌氧水解法的比能耗大幅度提高 67.7%～ 77.7%。     

裂隙地下水中残留LNAPL物理驱替冲洗实验

利用透明复制裂隙模型，选择两种典型LNAPL（轻非水相液体）-邻二甲苯和十二烷残留体，开展一系列水流驱替冲刷和SDS（十二烷基磺酸钠）表面活性剂增强驱替实验，直接获取了裂隙内部LNAPL残留体几何形状与分布情况，结果表明：水流驱替冲刷和SDS驱替裂隙内残留体的去除率分别为8.3%~12.3%和65.9%~82.1%.残留体累积去除率随着驱替流体雷诺数的增加而增加.水流驱替冲刷条件下，残留体离散为小液滴，数量比初始残留状态增加1.3~2.2倍.SDS表面活性剂降低了"LNAPL-水"间的界面张力，能够有效去除裂隙内较大残留体，驱替后仅残余单个面积为1mm²左右的微小液滴.由于粗糙裂隙的非均质性，水流冲刷易导致系统内的"LNAPL-水"有效界面面积增加，对LNAPL污染修复不利，表面活性剂增强修复是一种更有效的方法.