3S集成技术在林火管理中的应用研究

卫星遥感技术用于对过火区进行识别和对森林火灾进行判读和监测；林火地理信息系统是一种包含空间资料管理的地理信息系统，它具有储存，处理，投影转换和取回与显示图形资料的能力。     

基于信息熵的乡村生产空间系统演化及其可持续发展能力

乡村生产空间系统演化是乡村生产空间系统内部及其与外部系统间进行物质、能量和信息交换的表征或结果,这一结果的优劣是实现系统可持续发展的内生物质基础与保障。以重庆市为研究区,以2001-2015年为研究时段,基于信息熵,从支持型输入熵、压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵、还原型代谢熵四个方面构建乡村生产空间系统演化指标体系,揭示乡村生产空间系统的演变规律和可持续发展能力,探析乡村生产空间系统熵变与可持续发展能力之间协同演化过程中的相关关系,设计乡村生产空间系统优化路径。结果表明：（1）2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统熵流为0.017~-0.049,熵产生为0.204~0.059,均呈下降趋势,乡村生产空间系统的协调性和活力得以增强;总熵变为0.221~0.010,呈相同趋势,乡村生产空间系统有序度不断提高,总体上向健康水平发展。（2）2001-2015年重庆市乡村生产空间系统可持续发展能力得分为1.285~2.803,呈上升趋势,系统可持续发展态势良好,并不断向可持续方向演进。（3）可持续发展能力得分与支持型输入熵、还原型代谢熵正相关,与压力型输出熵、氧化型代谢熵负相关,与熵流、熵产生和总熵变负相关。     

环境信息披露对企业全要素生产率的影响

本文以中国2007~2016年沪深两市上市企业面板数据为样本,基于固定效应模型和中介效应模型探讨环境信息披露对企业全要素生产率的影响路径和传导机制.研究发现,环境信息披露有助于企业全要素生产率的提升,其影响系数平均值为0.173,且在通过PSM检验、缓解内生性、解决样本自选择问题等多种稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立.机制分析表明,其主要传导路径来源于缓解企业融资约束和促进企业绿色技术创新,而企业综合竞争力并未表现出明显的中介效应.异质性分析显示,其促进作用仅表现在东部地区、非国有企业、高污染行业和高竞争行业.本研究为量化环境信息披露对企业影响机制提供经验证据,为扩大企业环境信息披露实施范围提供启示.     

安阳市典型工业源PM2.5排放特征及减排潜力估算

为探究安阳市PM_(2. 5)排放特征,通过现场调查对安阳市工业源活动水平和控制技术信息进行收集,采用合理的估算方法、排放因子,建立了安阳市2016年工业源PM_(2. 5)排放清单,并利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术进行空间分配.基于典型行业超低排放改造和煤炭压减要求设置3种情景,估算了2020年安阳市工业源PM_(2. 5)减排潜力.结果表明,安阳市2016年工业源PM_(2. 5)排放总量为81 071. 13 t;有色冶金、钢铁和建材行业是安阳市PM_(2. 5)主要贡献源,分别占总排放量的45. 43%、25. 74%和18. 00%;安阳市各乡镇排放差异突出,PM_(2. 5)排放主要集中在市区及林州市和安阳县,且以安阳市区排放量最为突出,而安阳市区的4个辖区的排放强度差异更为巨大;通过设定不同控制情景,估算2020年安阳市PM_(2. 5)减排潜力分别为398. 72、11 623. 87和14 072. 27 t,分别占2016年工业源排放总量的0. 49%、14. 34%和17. 22%.可见,安阳市PM_(2. 5)具有较大减排潜力,超低排放改造和煤炭压减对安阳市PM_(2. 5)减排具有重要意义.     

重庆灰霾治理试点工作中的政企动态博弈分析

针对重庆市挥发性有机物整治试点工作中面临的与企业博弈的实际问题,设定模型边界条件,建立基于完全信息的动态博弈分析模型,通过逆推归纳法分析博弈不同阶段下参与企业与政府的理性策略选择,求解此完全信息动态博弈模型的子博弈精炼纳什均衡并获得该情况下的博弈双方最终支付。研究表明,提高“许诺的可信性”和“威胁的可信性”是动态博弈的核心问题,通过交出决定权、切断沟通等多种方式可破解VOC试点博弈僵局。     

生物物种信息平台建设进展研究

信息技术的突飞猛进和互联网的迅速扩张,为生物多样性信息的收集、存储、提交、检索、分析、传播和使用带来了革命性的发展。生物多样性数据和信息服务的内容逐步从单一的名录数据库建设转向为多学科交叉的综合信息服务平台。本文结合国家生物多样性保护专项,在介绍国内外主流生物多样性信息平台建设现状的基础上,分析了我国现有平台存在的问题,并对下一步如何完善和推进平台应用进行探讨。     

Environmental,economic and social costs and benefits of a packaging waste management system: A Portuguese case study

The impact of the management of packaging waste on the environment, economic growth and job creation is analyzed in this paper. This integrated assessment intends to cover a gap in the literature for this type of studies, using the specific case study of the Portuguese packaging waste management system (SIGRE).The net environmental benefits associated with the management of packaging waste, are calculated using the Life Cycle Assessment methodology. The results show that, for the categories studied, the impacts associated to SIGRE's various activities are surpassed by the benefits associated to material and energy recovery, with special focus on recycling. For example, in 2011 SIGRE avoided the emission of 116 kt CO₂ equiv. – the equivalent carbon emission of the electricity consumption of 124.000 households in Portugal.The economic impact of SIGRE is evaluated through Input–Output Analysis. It was found that SIGRE's activities also have a significant economic impact. For example, their added value are ranked amongst the upper third of the economic activities with highest multiplier effect at national level: this means that for each Euro of value added generated within SIGRE, 1.25 additional € are added to the rest of the economy (multiplier effect of 2.25).Regarding the social impacts of SIGRE, the number of direct jobs associated with the system is estimated to be more than two thousand and three hundred workers. Out of these, 83% are connected to the management of municipal waste packaging (selective collection and sorting), 15% are connected to the management of non-municipal packaging waste and only 2% are connected to the Sociedade Ponto Verde (SPV, green dot society in English) – the management entity responsible for SIGRE.In general terms, the results obtained provide quantitative support to the EEA (2011) suggestion that moving up the waste hierarchy – from landfilling to recycling – creates jobs and boosts the economy.     

近40年陕西省农田土壤有机质时空变化及其影响因素

了解农田土壤有机质的时空动态变化对促进农田生态系统绿色发展具有重大意义。本研究对陕西省耕地土壤有机质含量进行测定,以期探讨长期耕种下陕西省农田土壤有机质时空变化特征及其影响因素。于2017年采集耕层土样705份,采用重铬酸钾氧化—外加热法测定其有机质含量,并运用ArcGIS 10.5和GS+9.0软件进行了数据分析。结果表明：陕西省耕地土壤有机质平均含量为15.90 g·kg^?1,4级水平占比最大;不同行政区有机质含量排序为：汉中＞西安＞安康＞咸阳＞宝鸡＞商洛＞渭南＞铜川＞延安＞榆林;陕西省各市有机质含量较20世纪80年代均有不同程度的提升,其中汉中市提升幅度最大;陕西省农田土壤有机质具有强烈的空间自相关性,最优拟合模型为高斯模型,呈现南高北低的空间分布特征;结构性因素（坡度、海拔、经度、纬度）和随机性因素（施肥、耕作、秸秆还田等）共同作用导致了陕西省农田土壤有机质的空间分布差异,不同类型土壤有机质含量差异显著（P＜0.05）。本研究为指导陕西省低碳农业的发展及实现碳达峰与碳中和提供了一定的科学依据。     

基于应力分析法的士兵系统电子器件可靠性研究

目的 提高士兵系统元器件可靠性,提出一种可应用于士兵系统电子装备可靠性设计的方法。方法 以士兵某探测器设计过程为研究对象,依据军用电子元器件标准和规范对2种可靠性保证要求表征方法进行分析,采用应力分析法针对士兵电子器件进行可靠性设计。结果 该探测器的MTBF值为90 345.56 h,达到了该设备基本可靠性要求。当产品工作到2 a时,探测器任务可靠度为0.833,达到了该设备任务可靠性要求。结论 提出的方法可为士兵系统电子装备可靠性设计提供技术支撑。     

Multiple environmental burdens and neighborhood-related health of city residents

Urban living environments are known to influence human well-being and health; however, little is known about the multidimensionality of different environmental burdens. The aim of this study is to examine the relations between multiple burdens and self-rated health of city residents in Berlin. A spatial analysis was conducted to determine neighborhood street blocks with high versus low levels of three environmental burdens (traffic noise, air pollution, lack of public green space) as study sites for a cross-sectional household questionnaire. Burden level served as a dichotomous predictor to compare residents' self-reports of neighborhood satisfaction, life satisfaction, health behavior, and psychological and physical health symptoms. Residents from high-burden blocks appraised the environmental conditions more stressful, reported poorer health behavior and were less satisfied with their neighborhood than residents from low-burden blocks. However, they did not differ in regard to more general health symptoms. Three other burdens (behavior-related noise, litter and dirt in public space, lack of urban vegetation), which could not be varied objectively, were assessed by their perceived intensity. Regression analyses of the relations between the perceived levels of all six burdens and outcomes in the total sample revealed the following: Neighborhood satisfaction could be predicted from multiple stressors and resources that co-occur independently, while more general health symptoms were related only to perceived air pollution. The results have implications for both urban planning and public health.