沱江流域水系沉积物重金属的潜在生态风险评价

通过对沱江流域水系沉积物的系统研究,查明了重金属元素含量的空间分布特征,进行了潜在生态风险质量评价。研究结果显示,在两支流交汇之前,沉积物中重金属的污染水平从上游到下游呈上升趋势,矿业活动是水环境中重金属的主要来源,两支流交汇之后元素含量有较明显升高,显示两河汇流叠加对沱江下游水系沉积物有较大的影响;与前人研究相比,各元素含量有较明显的增加;沱江水系沉积物中重金属的潜在生态风险水平较低,大多属于轻微生态风险,Cd的潜在生态危害程度最严重;多种重金属的潜在生态风险指数(R1)表明河流重金属污染属于轻微生态危害,其受危害程度由大到小的顺序为:沱江>石亭江>绵远河。     

Seasonal variation characteristics of hydroxyl radical pollution and its potential formation mechanism during the daytime in Lanzhou

Hydroxyl free radicals (OH radicals) play the main role in atmospheric chemistry and their involving reactions are the dominant rate determining step in the formation of secondary fine particulate matter and in the removal of air pollutants from the atmosphere. In this paper, we studied the seasonal variation characteristics of OH radicals during the daytime in Lanzhou and explored the potential formation mechanism of high concentration OH radicals. We found that the OH radicals in four seasons was 2.7 × 10⁶, 2.6 × 10⁶, 3.1 × 10⁶, and 2.2 × 10⁶ cm^?3, respectively. Since the rainfall was concentrated in summer, the wet deposition had a significant effect on removing OH radicals. Among the four pollutants (including ozone (O₃), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5)), the variation of OH radicals were closely related to ozone concentration especially in spring and summer. In autumn, the correlation between PM_2.5 and OH radicals were the closest among the observing pollutants and its formation mechanism was different conventional regeneration pathway. In Event 1, high concentration of ozone was the main source of OH radicals; under the high humidity condition, except for ozone, the multiple factors including VOCs, NO₂ and PM_2.5 interplayed and leaded to the Event 2.     

太湖沉积物重金属污染生态风险的综合评价

为研究太湖沉积物重金属污染的生态风险。在2012年2月采集太湖7个采样点的表层沉积物,分析测定重金属总量以及可交换态和碳酸盐结合态的金属含量,采用风险评价准则、潜在生态风险指数法对沉积物重金属污染进行生态风险评价。结果表明:太湖沉积物中重金属除竺山湾处于偏中度污染水平,其他各点均处于轻度污染状态。全湖Ni、Zn和Cu的可利用态比例较高。太湖沉积物重金属污染为低生态风险,竺山湾生态风险高于其他地区。Ni和Pb的生态风险高于其他金属。需对太湖竺山湾污染物排放进行控制,对全湖沉积物中Ni污染进行优先控制与去除。     

利用后向轨迹模式研究上海市PM2.5来源分布及传输特征

利用后向轨迹模型,结合上海 PM2．5的浓度数据计算了2012年6月27日-2013年6月26日以上海为起始点的后向轨迹,并通过轨迹相关的分析方法,研究不同来源区域对上海 PM2．5浓度的贡献影响。结果表明：长三角地区的排放对上海的贡献最为显著;苏北、山东等地区的排放对上海也有较明显的贡献;来自海面的贡献总体低于大陆。所采用的轨迹多元回归分析法为 PM2．5的来源分布及传输特征研究提供了新思路。     

基于低碳经济的城市建设发展研究

随着全球变暖的进一步加剧,低碳经济的概念逐渐进入人们的视野。文章主要介绍了城市发展低碳经济的必要性,低碳经济的内涵,城市发展低碳经济的主要途径,最后提出了在中国发展低碳经济的愿景。     

气候变暖的风险与对策

全球气候变暖，给人类社会带来了巨大的风险。通过阐述气候变暖的源与汇。回顾并分析了前、后１００年气候变暖的趋势及风险危害，在此基础上提出了气候变暖的风险对策。     

Life cycle assessment as a decision support tool for landfill gas-to energy projects

The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from MSW landfill, and control methods to eliminate or minimize these impacts including energy recovery from landfill gas (LFG) of MSW landfill in Thailand have been evaluated. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is used as the analytical tool to evaluate the environmental consequences of landfilling holistically. The economic implications of the control methods are also briefly assessed. The results show that in terms of GHG emissions as well as in terms of economics, it is more advantageous to have a large centralized landfill and produce electricity from the LFG rather than having several small, localized landfills despite significantly lower transportation requirement for the latter case. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the global warming potential was sensitive to gas collection efficiency as well as methane oxidation rate in the landfill. This study shows the utility of a life cycle approach for evaluating LFG-to-energy (LFGTE) projects.     

Atmospheric oxidation mechanisms of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins are different from those of benzene and dibenzofuran: a theoretical prediction

The reaction mechanisms of dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD) and 2,3,7,8-TCDD with OH radical have been studied using density functional theory calculations. Under the atmospheric conditions, ca 42% of DD + OH reaction proceeds as formation of DD − OH-β adduct, which will react with O₂ slowly; while the rest will proceed as formation of DD − OH-γ adduct, which will decompose to the substituted phenoxy radical P1 by the fused-ring C-O bond cleavage. For 2,3,7,8-TCDD + OH, the reaction will predominantly form the substituted phenoxy radical P2. The reaction mechanisms are drastically different from the peroxy mechanism for the atmospheric oxidations of benzene and dibenzofuran.     

珠海码头内铜污染现状及生态风险分析

以珠海码头作为调查船舶防污漆使用影响的对象,分析了珠海周边海域码头内表层沉积物与海水中的重金属含量,以Cu元素为讨论重点,对其进行污染程度与潜在生态危害的评估。结果表明,码头内表层沉积物中Cu含量明显高于码头外沉积物,离市区较近的香洲码头和金沙滩码头内沉积物受到中等至较高程度的Cu污染,海岛东澳岛码头海水易流通,因此受污染程度较低。使用Hakanson生态危害指数法对沉积物进行评估的结果为低潜在生态危害,但码头内海水中Cu元素含量已高于生态安全限值。     

扬州古运河底泥重金属污染潜在生态危害评价

对扬州古运河底泥重金属污染潜在生态危害进行了调查与评价。结果表明,古运河各监测断面的潜在生态危害指数等级为轻微至强。经综合整治,2002年后古运河重金属污染潜在生态危害指数较2002年之前显著下降。下游因曾经工厂聚集,污染程度高于上游,毒性系数较大的Cd和Hg的潜在生态危害始终排在首位。