2022年青岛市沿海区域臭氧污染特征及传输影响分析

基于2022年1—12月青岛市沿海区域臭氧（O₃）自动监测数据和气象观测资料,对O₃污染变化特征及影响因素进行了分析,结合后向轨迹聚类与潜在源区分析等方法,对O₃外来输送通道及潜在源分布情况进行分析研究。结果表明：青岛市沿海区域O₃污染主要集中在4—10月份,日变化特征呈单峰单谷趋势,峰值出现在15：00—16：00;气象因素中,地面短波辐射对O₃浓度变化的相对贡献最大,偏南风易导致O₃污染;受二氧化氮（NO₂）滴定作用以及海陆风转换影响,沿海区域O₃峰值与谷值均滞后青岛城区1 h左右;O₃生成整体处于VOCs控制区,1-丁烯、正丁烷与异戊烷是O₃污染期间导致O₃浓度上升的关键组分;O₃污染的主要潜在源区为长三角北部和黄海近岸海域,以及山东中南部地区。     

Exploring the management of industrial hazardous waste based on recent accidents

Three accidents occurred in east China's Jiangsu Province in March and April 2019. These accidents sounded the safety alarm for the management of industrial hazardous waste in the “heavy industry” era. This paper explored the internal causes of these accidents through the current situation of the generation, disposal and comprehensive utilization of industrial hazardous waste in China. The results of the analysis showed that the enterprises management systems of hazardous waste had serious problems at the current stage, leading to many potential risks. The chief problem resided in the fact that these systems failed to take full account of safety and environmental protection. Finally, suggestions for improvement were proposed concerning the above problems.     

百色市冬季PM2.5传输路径及来源分析

通过采用后向轨迹结合聚类分析方法计算2015—2016年百色市PM2.5潜在源贡献因子(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT),分析影响该市冬季PM2.5质量浓度的潜在源区,并探讨不同源区对PM2.5的贡献率。同时,使用CAMx模式模拟百色市各县区及周边区域对该市大气传输的影响。结果表明,影响百色市PM2.5浓度潜在源主要集中在该市和临近的河池、南宁、崇左,以及北部的贵州省;CAMx模式模拟对百色市冬季大气污染物传输的地区来源与该市大气污染物的PSCF分析和CWT分析权重较大的区域较为一致,这些区域对百色市PM2.5的贡献率达73%。     

Identifying areas of high herpetofauna diversity that are threatened by planned infrastructure projects in Spain

A major task related to conservation is to predict if planned infrastructure projects are likely to threaten biodiversity. In this study we investigated the potential impact of planned infrastructure in Spain on amphibian and reptile species, two highly vulnerable groups given their limited dispersal and current situation of population decline. We used distribution data of both groups to identify areas of high herpetofauna diversity, and compared the locations of these areas with the locations of the planned road, high-speed train railway and water reservoir network. Four criteria were used for this identification: species richness, rarity, vulnerability, and a combined index of the three criteria. From a total of 1441 cells of 20 x 20 km, areas of high diversity were defined as those cells whose ranked values for the different criteria included either all species or all threatened species. The combined index provided the smallest number of cells needed to retain all threatened species (1.7 and 2.6% of the cells for amphibian and reptile species, respectively). Coincidences between these high diversity areas and cells including planned infrastructures-denominated 'alert planning units'-were 35.4% for amphibians and 31.2% for reptiles. Mitigation of the potential impacts would include actions such as barriers to animal access to roads and railways and ecoducts under these constructions. Our approach provides conservation authorities information that can be used to make decisions on habitat protection. A technique that identifies threats to herpetofauna before they occur is also likely to improve the chance of herpetofauna being protected.     

Study of Fractionation and Potential Mobility of Metal from the Guadalquivir Estuary: Changes in Mobility with Time and Influence of the Aznalcollar Mining Spill

This study analyzed the evolution of metal levels in surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary between 1997 and 2002 and assessed the impact of the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure and subsequent cleanup on metal concentrations in surface sediments. We also analyzed metal distribution with time in five chemical fractions of the surface sediments: exchangable, carbonate, reducible, oxidizable, and residual. This work showed that the April 1998 Aznalcollar tailings dam failure caused a considerable increase in the concentrations of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb in the surface sediments of the Guadalquivir estuary. It was also found there was a change in the distribution of Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb between the chemical fractions of the sediment after the failure of the dam. There were increases in the percentages of Cd in the carbonate fraction, of Zn and Pb in the reducible fraction, and of Cu in the oxidizable fraction, whereas the percentages of these elements associated with the residual fraction decreased. In 1999, there was a decrease in the metal concentrations in the surface sediments from the Guadalquivir estuary, and by 2000 the chemical distribution and metal levels had returned to levels similar those before the dam failure.     

煤与瓦斯突出起动过程的突变理论研究

分析了煤与瓦斯突出的起动和发展机制,在此基础上,应用突变理论,采取拓扑变换的方法,得到了描述突出起动过程的突变势函数,讨论了突出起动过程的突变条件,并据此解释了防突措施的机理。所得结论与防突工程实践中的认识相一致,表明突变理论可望为研究煤与瓦斯突出机制提供一种新的方法     

中国资源能源稀缺度因子及其在生命周期评价中的应用

在生命周期评价(Life Cycle Assessment, LCA)方法中,利用资源稀缺度因子,可以综合评价一个产品生命周期中总体的资源消耗水平。论文基于广泛采用的CML方法中的非生物资源消耗(Abiotic Depletion Potential, ADP)因子,通过引入中国的资源自给率修正,得出了中国非生物资源消耗因子(Chinese Abiotic Depletion Potential,CADP)及其指标。CADP因子可支持国内LCA研究和相关政策研究中的资源、能源消耗综合评价,同时也为其他国家或地区的资源评价提供了一种普遍适用的方法。案例研究表明,1 kWh电网电力的生命周期CADP指标为1.02 kg coal-R eq.,60.46%的贡献都来自于原煤资源的消耗,其次来自石油的消耗(11.63%),此外还包括基础设施建设中铜、镍等资源的消耗。     

红色旅游意向市场测算研究——以长沙市居民为例

近年来,红色旅游市场十分火爆,对红色旅游意向市场的研究日渐引起关注．意向市场即指潜在市场．文章通过建立测算意向市场的指标体系,运用意向率来表现长沙市居民对韶山红色旅游的意向高低,旨在为韶山红色旅游市场开发战略的制定提供科学依据．表2,参7．     

PLR事故隐患分级法在上海市化工企业中的应用

PLR事故隐患分级法针对火灾、爆炸、毒物泄漏重大事故类型 ,根据事故隐患评价的基本原理 ,结合上海市事故发生及隐患普查现状 ,提出了上海市“重大事故隐患”的定义和辨识方法 ,确定了事故隐患易发性(P)、事故导致损失程度 (L)和事故后果影响范围 (R0 .5)三项评价指标 ,并将P ,L ,R三项指标组合成“PLR事故隐患分级评价表” ,由PLR事故隐患分级评价表得出事故隐患分级结果。新方法通过在上海市典型化工企业的试点应用 ,验证了PLR事故隐患分级法在化工企业中的可操作性和有效性 ,为上海市重大事故隐患的辨识、评价和整改工作提供了科学的管理方法     

建筑工程安全的风险识别及评价方法研究

建筑项目安全风险管理主要分为 3个阶段进行 :风险识别阶段 ;风险评价阶段 ;风险决策阶段。笔者主要对整个建筑工程项目建设过程中安全风险管理的前两阶段进行了探讨 ;在分清不同阶段的风险管理职责的基础上 ,提出了应用性较强的“子系统风险管理模型” ;进行了相关的实例分析 ,证明了其在风险的识别和评价阶段的适用性 ;并在风险评价方法中 ,合理制定了对不希望发生事件的发生概率和结果严重度的评价标准 ,为建筑安全风险的科学评价提供了依据