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331.
Minoru Makuta Yuichi Moriguchi Yasoi Yasuda Shigeho Sueno 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2000,2(2):125-137
This paper describes a case study of the application of life-cycle inventory analysis to automotive bumper recycling. Two
scenarios of bumper recycling are compared. One is “bumper-to-bumper recycling,” in which we recycle bumpers into more bumpers.
The other is “cascade recycling,” in which bumpers are recycled into different parts of a car with a lower function. Inventory
analysis is applied to both these recycling scenarios by analyzing the stages of acquiring natural resources, manufacturing
materials, and parts, disposal, and recycling. We chose air emission, solid waste, and fossil fuel resources as items of the
inventory analysis. We quantified the effect of reductions in the environmental load by recycling bumpers, and found that
reductions in the environmental load were larger with cascade recycling than with bumper-to-bumper recycling based on current
conditions.
Received: February 2, 2000 / Accepted: April 21, 2000 相似文献
332.
333.
Eight kinds of biodegradable plastics were compared for their degradability in controlled laboratory composting conditions.
A thin film of each plastic was mixed into the composting material, and weight-loss degradability was calculated from the
weight changes of the film during composting. It was found that weight-loss degradability strongly depended on the specific
kind of biodegradable plastic; two were very high, four moderate, and the remaining two very slight. The most easily degradable
plastic degraded by as much as 81.4% over 8 days of composting. By comparing the weight-loss degradability with ultimate degradability,
which is defined as a molar ratio of carbon loss as CO2 to the carbon contained in the biodegradable plastic, the order of the ease of degradation of the biodegradable plastics
differed.
Received: February 7, 2000 / Accepted April 14, 2000 相似文献
334.
Christopher P. Holt Paul S. Phillips Margaret P. Bates 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2000,30(4)
As a result of the UK Government's waste policy, which increasingly encourages sustainable development, and the realisation that water in the UK cannot be treated as an unlimited resource, there is growing interest in reducing the demand for water by industry. A series of industrial waste minimisation clubs have been set up within the country. This paper identifies the effectiveness of these clubs in reducing the demand for water. An overview of some of the clubs show how there is a major discrepancy between potential and implemented water savings, whilst a more detailed analysis of three specific examples show how water demand and cost to the company can be reduced, with the project paying for itself within around 1 year. It appears that companies are able to reduce water consumption by approximately 30%. If this level of saving was taken up by the entire industrial sector in England and Wales, water consumption could be reduced by approximately 1500 Ml/day. This reduction would be more significant in regions of lower rainfall, for example East Anglia and Southeast England. 相似文献
335.
Pyrolysis for the simultaneous generation of oils and gases can be convenient to obtain hydrocarbons and even to recover crude petrochemicals or to generate energy from waste plastics. A Gray–King apparatus has been used to pyrolyze waste polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), both separately and with different compositions. Thermogravimetric analysis of waste plastics indicated the critical temperatures, which should be effective for pyrolysis. The chosen heating rate was low in order to achieve higher liquid yields. The results showed that waste PS yielded higher liquid, and waste PE yielded higher gaseous products. The dominant liquid product of PS waste was styrene whereas for waste PE, prophenylbenzene was the dominant pyrolysis product. 相似文献
336.
We have succeeded in converting waste polystyrene from electrical appliances into a polymer flocculant for treating some kinds
of wastewater after chemical modification. Waste polystyrene, such as polystyrene foam and additive-containing TV cabinets,
was converted into a water-soluble polymer, polystyrene sulfate (PSS), and PSS of various degrees of aqueous viscosity was
obtained by introducing sulfone bridges during sulfonation. We examined the relationship between the degree of flocculation
of wastewater and the aqueous viscosity of the PSS, and found that PSS with medium viscosity is most suitable for flocculating
inorganic wastewater from a factory, and PSS with high viscosity is most suitable for dewatering organic domestic wastewater.
We report how PSS containing sulfone bridges works as a polymer flocculant for treating wastewater.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 21, 2000 相似文献
337.
Flame-retardant plastics, such as desktop and laptop personal computer bodies, could be completely liquefied by carbon materials-catalyzed
hydroliquefaction in tetralin without using H2 as a hydrogen source. Active carbons with larger surface areas (1450–3450 m2/g) acted as superior catalysts in transferring tetralin hydrogens to plastics. On the other hand, carbon blacks and fullerene-rich
soot were less active catalysts. Graphite and mesocarbon microbeads did not show any catalytic effects. Benzene, toluene,
and ethylbenzene were obtained as recyclable hydrocarbons; their total amounts varied from 4 wt% to 12 wt% depending on the
types of plastics and the carbon materials used. Organic bromides such as polybromodioxins were not contained in the gases
and oils of the product.
Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: September 17, 2000 相似文献
338.
浅论城市生活垃圾的资源化系统 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
现在社会产生越来越多,组份越来越复杂的生活垃圾,已成为严重的环境和社会问题。本文通过对垃圾成份和数量的分析,结果国内外垃圾处理的发展现状,针对四川省省情,提出了加强垃圾分类收集、分选回收,以堆肥、焚烧、再生等手段实现垃圾的资源化系统。并且,对目前的垃圾处理所涉及到的政府职能和社会意识等软环境作了简单描述。 相似文献
339.
用亚硫酸钠将电镀废液中的六价铬还原为三价铬,用硫化钠除去铜,用氢氧化钠沉淀三价铬后,用一定量的硫酸溶解氢氧化铬后得到碱式硫酸铬加以回收利用。 相似文献
340.
Ionela Birloaga Vasile Coman Bernd Kopacek Francesco Vegliò 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(12):2581-2586
This study refers to two chemical leaching systems for the base and precious metals extraction from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs); sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide have been used for the first group of metals, meantime thiourea with the ferric ion in sulfuric acid medium were employed for the second one. The cementation process with zinc, copper and iron metal powders was attempted for solutions purification. The effects of hydrogen peroxide volume in rapport with sulfuric acid concentration and temperature were evaluated for oxidative leaching process. 2 M H2SO4 (98% w/v), 5% H2O2, 25 °C, 1/10 S/L ratio and 200 rpm were founded as optimal conditions for Cu extraction. Thiourea acid leaching process, performed on the solid filtrate obtained after three oxidative leaching steps, was carried out with 20 g/L of CS(NH2)2, 6 g/L of Fe3+, 0.5 M H2SO4, The cross-leaching method was applied by reusing of thiourea liquid suspension and immersing 5 g/L of this reagent for each other experiment material of leaching. This procedure has lead to the doubling and, respectively, tripling, of gold and silver concentrations into solution. These results reveal a very efficient, promising and environmental friendly method for WPCBs processing. 相似文献