生活垃圾焚烧二噁英排放对人群健康影响研究进展

综述了二噁英对人体健康的危害特性, 以及我国生活垃圾焚烧厂二噁英排放浓度水平,及其周边环境空气和土壤中二噁英污染浓度水平、人群暴露途径、剂量和健康影响。指出,现有研究显示,我国生活垃圾焚烧排放的二噁英浓度在合理范围之内,垃圾焚烧厂周边人群二噁英暴露量普遍低于世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的容许标准,但也有研究发现,垃圾焚烧会导致周边环境介质中二噁英浓度水平增高。提出,应重点关注垃圾焚烧排放二噁英的长期低剂量暴露对人群健康的影响。     

剩余活性污泥和厨余垃圾续批式混合中温消化试验研究

将加碱水解和未水解剩余活性污泥与厨余垃圾混合后进行序批式中温厌氧消化,对生化产甲烷势(BMP)进行了测定.剩余活性污泥的水解通过添加NaOH进行,合理的NaOH投量为40 mmol/L,在25 ℃和35 ℃下经过6 h的水解后SCOD水解率分别提高27.4%和31.1%.厨余垃圾、25℃和35℃下水解污泥的最终甲烷产量分别为607、284、312 mL/g(VS),两种水解污泥比未水解污泥分别高出43%、57.6%,水解污泥和厨余垃圾混合消化的可降解能力要优于未水解污泥和厨余垃圾的混合进料.     

Effect of grinding and heating on Ni2+ uptake properties of waste paper sludge

Uptake properties of Ni2+ were examined for unmilled and milled paper sludge calcined at various temperatures to develop a new usage of waste paper sludge. Since paper sludge mainly consists of cellulose ([C6H(10)O5]n) fibers, calcite (CaCO3), kaolinite (Al2Si2O5(OH)4) and talc (Mg3Si(4)O(10)(OH)2), amorphous and crystalline CaO(MgO)-Al(2)O(3)-SiO(2) compounds are formed by calcining paper sludge. Wet and dry milling treatments were performed to accelerate solid-state reaction to form the above mentioned target compounds. The crystalline phases originally present decompose at increasing calcining temperature (up to 800 degrees C) in the order cellulose 相似文献   

广州生活垃圾处理的思路与对策

简述了广州生活垃圾生成与处理的现状。指出了广州生活垃圾处理存在的主要问题,对广州市未来10 a—15 a生活垃圾产生量进行了预测。在对生活垃圾填埋和焚烧处理成本进行比较的基础上,提出了广州生活垃圾处理的行动内容。     

非甲烷总烃样品保存时限探讨

非甲烷总烃在监测过程中,废气样品保存容器的选择和保存时间的长短对分析结果有重要影响。研究结果表明:使用玻璃注射器保存样品,应在8 h内完成分析;使用泰德拉惰性气袋保存样品,保存时间可延长至48 h,如废气中主要组分为沸点高于150℃的高沸点化合物,则应在8 h内完成非甲烷总烃的测定。     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气中重金属排放水平及影响因素分析

通过对浙江省生活垃圾焚烧炉排放烟气中重金属的监测,分析生活垃圾焚烧烟气中重金属排放水平。结果表明,汞及其化合物的检出率最高,为95.7%,其次为铬和锰,检出率均为60%,且在不同的焚烧炉中重金属排放浓度差异较大,检出率最低的为铊和镉,且排放浓度均较低;焚烧炉排放烟气中汞及其化合物、镉+铊及其化合物、锑+砷+铅+铬+钴+铜+锰+镍及其化合物排放浓度均低于国标排放限值,最大占标率分别为76%、4%、21.9%。焚烧烟气中的重金属含量与焚烧垃圾中的重金属含量有关,烟气通过废气处理设施,可有效地减少重金属等污染物的排放。     

离子色谱法测定废气中的丙烯酸

采用离子色谱法测定废气中的丙烯酸,几种常见的无机阴离子对分析无干扰。方法在0．100mg／L～10．0mg／L范围内线性良好,对有组织废气和无组织废气的检出限分别为0．04mg／m3和0．003mg／m3,废气平行样品测定值的相对偏差为3．4％～10．5％,加标样品的回收率为91％～102％。     

Speciative determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water of Dil Creek discharge to Izmit Gulf (Izmit-Kocaeli, Turkey) by ICP-AES

Wastewater pollution in industrial areas is one of the most important environmental problems. Heavy metal pollution, especially chromium pollution in wastewater sources from dyeing and tannery has affected the life on earth. This pollution can affect all ecosystems and human health directly or by food chain. Therefore, the determination of chromium in this study is of great importance. Dil Creek is located in the eastern Marmara region and discharges into the Izmit Gulf. This water source is used for irrigation in agriculture and as drinking water for animals. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and selective method for the speciative direct determination of Cr (III) and Cr (VI) in dyeing waste water samples collected from the nearest station to Izmit Gulf of Dil Creek in May 2006 by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been developed. An analysis of a given sample is completed in about 15 min for ICP-AES the method. As the result of the chromium analysis, the limit of quantification (LOQ) for the Cr (III), Cr (VI) and total Cr were founded as 0.0111 ± 0.0002 mg/l (RSD, 1.80%), 0.0592 ± 0.0010 mg/l (RSD, 1.70%) and 0.0703 ± 0.0020 mg/l (RSD, 2.84%) respectively. In addition, the general mathematical formula has been developed to calculate the concentration of Cr(III), which can be applied to any other metal species. The result of Cr (VI) analysis indicated that water quality of Creek was IV. class quality according to the inland water classification. In order to validate the applied method, recovery studies were performed.     

沼泽红假单胞菌累积聚β-羟基丁酸的研究

以沼泽红假单胞菌为材料,研究了不同培养条件下聚β-羟基丁酸(PHB)在微生物体内的累积情况,并用萃取、酯化及质谱联用(GC-MS)技术验证了菌体内累积的PHB。结果表明,在以醋酸钠为碳源、NH4+-N为氮源、中性pH的条件下,菌体内能够最大量的累积PHB,其累积量约为菌体(湿重)的50%。     

工业酸洗含铁废盐酸的资源化处理工艺

工业上广泛使用盐酸作为钢材酸洗介质,会产生相当多的含铁废盐酸,废液如果直接排放会严重污染环境,而且造成资源浪费。本文介绍的技术将所得的废酸通过浓缩精馏、酸化制得HCl气体、再吸收成盐酸以及酸化制备母液的再处理,不产生二次污染且零排放,从而实现了工业酸洗含铁废盐酸的资源化处理。废酸中Cl-的回收率达到85%,得到的工业精制盐酸浓度达34%,同时副产氧化铁红和磷肥。目前该技术已通过中试并经过了有关技术鉴定。实践证明,该技术用于含铁废盐酸的处理,可带来明显的经济效益,且环境友好,是目前代替中和法处理含铁废盐酸较为理想的方法,是一项实用的资源化综合利用绿色技术。