新疆建筑材料用工业废渣及其建材产品的辐射水平

报道了分布在新疆１３个地州市８０多个厂家的建材用工业废渣及其建材产品的放射性检测结果。多数废渣及其产品的放射性水平低于国家规定的限制（控制）标准，可以用作建筑材料，少数地区的部分工业废渣明显高于限制标准，不能用作建筑材料．必须健全放射性检测和管理制度．     

医院废水的连续监测及存在问题探讨

对宁波市7家市属医院废水进行了一年4次的连续监测,发现7家医院废水均严重超标.造成医院废水严重超标的原因有4个方面.同时还探讨了监测规范中存在的三个主要问题,提出了解决办法.文章对南方城市的医院废水监测具有一定的典型性.     

原子吸收法测定废水中的铬（Ⅵ）

在pH<1的溶液中,用甲基异丁酮(MIBK)与磷酸三丁酯(TBP)混合作为萃取剂,萃取废水中的铬时,六价铬的分配比为108.6,而三价铬几乎不被萃取。用原子吸收分光光度计测定有机相中的六价铬具有很好的选择性,且干扰少,灵敏度高。工作曲线的最佳浓度范围是:0.04～4.00mg/L。     

Ageing of chromium(III)-bearing slag and its relation to the atmospheric oxidation of solid chromium(III)-oxide in the presence of calcium oxide

Slag arising in ferrochromium and stainless steel production is known to contain residual levels of trivalent chromium. As the chromium is normally bound in the slag matrix in various silicate or spinel phases, and hence not easily mobilised, utilisation or controlled disposal of such slag is generally considered unproblematic. Experimental test work with a number of slag materials indicates, however, that very gradual oxidation of trivalent to hexavalent chromium does occur when the slag is exposed to atmospheric oxygen, rendering a quantifiable but small portion of chromium in this much more mobile and toxic form. Mechanisms and rates of the oxidation reaction were investigated in a number of long-term studies using both original slag materials and artificial mixes of chromium and calcium oxides. Powders of these materials, some of them rolled into balls, were left to age under different conditions for periods of up to 12 months. In the slag samples, which contained between 1 and 3 wt.% chromium, 1000–10 000 μg Cr(VI) were found per gram of chromium within 6–9 months of exposure to an ambient atmosphere. The rate of the oxidation reaction decreased exponentially, and the reaction could generally be said to have ceased within 12 months. In mixtures of calcium and chromium oxides the oxidation reaction is presumed to occur at the boundaries between chromium oxide and calcium oxide phases through diffusion of oxygen along the grain boundaries and of Cr³⁺ across the boundaries, resulting in the formation of calcium chromate. In the slags, where calcium and chromium oxide can form a solid solution, the oxidation is likely to occur at the exposed surface of grains containing this solution.     

废旧电脑的处置现状与绿色电脑概念的普及

慨述了发达国家在废电脑处理方面的现状，并对绿色电脑进行了分析与展望。     

Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles

Numerical simulations of layered, sulphide-bearing unsaturated waste rock piles are presented to illustrate the effect of coupled processes on the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD). The conceptual 2D systems were simulated using the HYDRUS model for flow and the POLYMIN model for reactive transport. The simulations generated low-pH AMD which was buffered by sequential mineral dissolution and precipitation. Sulphide oxidation rates throughout the pile varied by about two orders of magnitude (0.004-0.4 kg m-3 year-1) due to small changes in moisture content and grain size. In the fine-grained layers, the high reactive surface area induced high oxidation rates, even though capillary forces kept the local moisture content relatively high. In waste rock piles with horizontal layers, most of the acidity discharged through vertical preferential flow channels while with inclined fine grained layers, capillary diversion channeled the AMD to the outer slope boundary, keeping the pile interior relatively dry. The simulation approach will be useful for helping evaluate design strategies for controlling AMD from waste rock.     

The UK Landfill Tax: an analysis of its contribution to sustainable waste management

The UK Government in October 1996 introduced a Landfill Tax to ensure that landfill waste disposal is properly priced so as to reflect its environmental cost and to help promote a more sustainable approach to waste management in which less waste is produced, reused or recycled. The UK Customs and Excise have recently reviewed the tax and the report indicates that there has been a modest reduction in waste going to landfill by industry but not households. It is submitted that for there to be a significant move towards a more sustainable approach to waste management to meet the targets set in the National Strategy the tax should be higher and the money raised by the tax should be invested to make alternatives to landfill cheaper and more readily available. It is also submitted that the Tax Credit Scheme, introduced as a means of enabling some of the tax to be invested to promote better waste management, is inadequately funded and the money is inappropriately focused. Following an examination of the projects and contributions made under the Scheme it is found that most of the contributions are not made towards projects which will fulfil the UK Government's perceived purposes. It is further submitted that there needs to be a more rational approach to waste management and legislation in Philadelphia forms a good case study of such an approach     

凌源市“九·五”期间工业废气排放现状及防治对策

对凌源市“九五”期间工业废气排放现状进行了评价 ,并提出了对凌源市工业废气排放污染防治对策     

废旧塑料的综合利用

近年来 ,治理“白色污染”、消灭“白色公害”已成为全球的共识 ,从废旧塑料的最终处置、直接再生利用、改性再生利用、热分解以及与其他材料复合等几个方面综述了废旧塑料的综合利用途径 ,其中废旧塑料和其他材料复合的再生利用技术有很好的发展前途 ,将成为今后研究的新热点     

钢珠制造工业废水的处理

采用无机氧化、凝聚的物化方法和沉淀池设计应用竖向折板反应等的高效组合装置，处理钢珠制造工业废水。结果表明，排放水的ＣＯＤ去除率达到９８％以上，水循环回用率达到８８％，并回收了大量的铁资源。