河南省自然灾害的地域分界规律

河南省自然灾害的地域空间分异，主要遵循水平地带性规律、非地带性规律与垂直地带性规律。水平地带性主要影响以致控制灾害的不同类型，非地带性与垂直地带性则主要影响各种灾害的成灾强度。它们相互联系与制约，从而形成该省域灾害的三维分异。     

关于制定我国区域生物多样性中心评价标准的思考

本文针对目前环境保护的热点之一——全球和地区性生物多样性保护,对其中的一个基础理论问题,即区域生物多样性评价标准进行了探索;从理论上对制定这一标准的必要性、可行性、生物多样性的基本内涵、区域生物多样性中心标准的意义及标准制定的原则和依据进行了阐述,并在此基础上提出了我国区域生物多样性中心标准的基本框架。     

水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾焚烧飞灰过程中Pb和Zn的迁移转化特性

对某水泥窑协同处置生活垃圾焚烧飞灰系统进行采样分析,研究飞灰中的Pb、Zn在水洗脱氯预处理及水泥窑协同处置过程中的迁移转化特性。结果表明,水洗预处理过程中,飞灰中0.15%Pb和0.015%Zn进入结晶盐,94.05%的Pb和93.17%的Zn留存在水洗灰中,且赋存形态基本不变。水泥窑协同处置飞灰过程中,进入窑内的Pb和Zn少部分在窑内和预热器系统形成内循环,93.84%Pb和81.38%的Zn进入水泥熟料,0.002 7%的Pb进入窑尾烟气,0.001 4%的Pb和0.001 1%的Zn进入窑灰。热力学平衡计算表明,水泥熟料中Pb的主要存在形态是PbO、PbSiO₃,Zn的主要存在形态是ZnO、ZnFe₂O₄、ZnAl₂O₄。窑尾烟气排放指标和水泥熟料性能指标均满足相关规范要求,这说明Pb和Zn在水泥窑中实现了良好的固化,环境风险可接受。本研究结果可为水泥窑协同处置飞灰工艺系统设计优化提供参考。     

17 β-estradiol mineralization in human waste products and soil in the presence and the absence of antimicrobials

Natural steroidal estrogens, such as 17 β-estradiol (E2), as well as antimicrobials such as doxycycline and norfloxacin, are excreted by humans and hence detected in sewage sludge and biosolid. The disposal of human waste products on agricultural land results in estrogens and antibiotics being detected as mixtures in soils. The objective of this study was to examine microbial respiration and E2 mineralization in sewage sludge, biosolid, and soil in the presence and the absence of doxycycline and norfloxacin. The antimicrobials were applied to the media either alone or in combination at total rates of 4 and 40 mg kg^?1, with the 4 mg kg^?1 rate being an environmentally relevant concentration. The calculated time that half of the applied E2 was mineralized ranged from 294 to 418 days in sewage sludge, from 721 to 869 days in soil, and from 2,258 to 14,146 days in biosolid. E2 mineralization followed first-order and the presence of antimicrobials had no significant effect on mineralization half-lives, except for some antimicrobial applications to the human waste products. At 189 day, total E2 mineralization was significantly greater in sewage sludge (38 ±0.7%) > soil (23 ±0.7%) > biosolid (3 ±0.7%), while total respiration was significantly greater in biosolid (1,258 mg CO₂) > sewage sludge (253 mg CO₂) ≥ soil (131 mg CO₂). Strong sorption of E2 to the organic fraction in biosolid may have resulted in reduced E2 mineralization despite the high microbial activity in this media. Total E2 mineralization at 189 day was not significantly influenced by the presence of doxycycline and/or norfloxacin in the media. Antimicrobial additions also did not significantly influence total respiration in media, except that total CO₂ respiration at 189 day was significantly greater for biosolid with 40 mg kg^?1 doxycycline added, relative to biosolid without antimicrobials. We conclude that it is unlikely for doxycycline and norfloxacin, or their mixtures, to have a significant effect on E2 mineralization in human waste products and soil. However, the potential for E2 to be persistent in biosolids, with and without the presence of antimicrobials, is posing a challenge for biosolid disposal to agricultural lands.     

燃煤灰渣中微量元素分布规律的研究

研究了锅炉飞灰和底灰中１５种微量元素的含量和分布，探讨了煤炭燃烧后，微量元素在灰渣中的集散及其影响因素，飞灰和底灰中大多数元素高于全国土壤背景值，７种元素高于克拉克值，其余８种低于克拉克值，飞灰中多数元素的地球化学富集因子高于１，呈富集状态，而底灰中多数元素富集因子小于１，飞灰和底灰中微量元素含量与煤中微量元素含量呈线性关系，微量元素含量不仅与煤有关，还受锅炉燃烧方式等人为因素影响。     

ASD—ICP—MS联合快速测定土壤中部分金属元素

土壤环境质量例行监测正在全国展开,如何准确快速分析土壤中的金属含量成为当务之急。采用HNO3-HCl-HF—HClO4体系在全自动消解仪（ASD）上对土壤进行前处理,以50．0μg／L的铑作内标,电感耦合等离子体-质谱仪同时测定《土壤环境质量标准》的7种元素：Cd、As、Cu、Ph、Cr、Zn、Ni。各元素的方法检出限为0．003～0．40mg／kg,相对标准偏差小于6．0％,土壤标样的测定值与标准值吻合。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好,为大批量土壤重金属元素含量的快速测定提供了可靠地消解-分析方法。     

辽北四位一体庭院生态系统冬季增温保温效应研究

观测表明，辽北庭院生态系统中日光温室、养猪暖舍、厕所、沼气池四位一体模式具有较好的增温保温效应，效果明显优于单一日光温室，可创造良好的养殖业环境，保证模式中沼气池在冬季良好运行。     

Patterns of catch and trophic signatures illustrate diverse management requirements of coastal fisheries in Solomon Islands

Coastal fisheries are a critical component of Pacific island food systems; they power village economies and provide nutritious aquatic foods. Many coastal women and men actively fishing in this region rely on multi-species fisheries, which given their extraordinary diversity are notoriously difficult to both characterize, and to manage. Understanding patterns of fishing, diversity of target species and drivers of these patterns can help define requirements for sustainable management and enhanced livelihoods. Here we use a 12-month data set of 8535 fishing trips undertaken by fishers across Malaita province, Solomon Islands, to create fisheries signatures for 13 communities based on the combination of two metrics; catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch trophic levels. These signatures are in turn used as a framework for guiding suitable management recommendations in the context of community-based resource management. While a key proximate driver of these patterns was fishing gear (e.g. angling, nets or spearguns), market surveys and qualitative environmental information suggest that community fishing characteristics are coupled to local environmental features more than the market value of specific species they target. Our results demonstrate that even within a single island not all small-scale fisheries are equal, and effective management solutions ultimately depend on catering to the specific environmental characteristics around individual communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01690-z.     

我国影视城的旅游开发研究

在界定了影视城旅游的内涵之后，从影视与旅游的关系角度出发，分析了影视城旅游开发过程中的资金需求大、转换成本高、可替代性强等三大特点，同时剖析了目前我国影视城旅游开发中存在的问题，并据此从政府管理部门、项目经营者、理论学术界等角度提出加快我国影视城旅游发展的战略性建议。     

Controls on Nutrients Across a Prairie Stream Watershed: Land Use and Riparian Cover Effects

Nutrient inputs generally are increased by human-induced land use changes and can lead to eutrophication and impairment of surface waters. Understanding the scale at which land use influences nutrient loading is necessary for the development of management practices and policies that improve water quality. The authors assessed the relationships between land use and stream nutrients in a prairie watershed dominated by intermittent stream flow in the first-order higher elevation reaches. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphorus concentrations were greater in tributaries occupying the lower portions of the watershed, closely mirroring the increased density of row crop agriculture from headwaters to lower-elevation alluvial areas. Land cover classified at three spatial scales in each sub-basin above sampling sites (riparian in the entire catchment, catchment land cover, and riparian across the 2 km upstream) was highly correlated with variation in both total nitrogen (r² = 53%, 52%, and 49%, respectively) and nitrate (r² = 69%, 65%, and 56%, respectively) concentrations among sites. However, phosphorus concentrations were not significantly associated with riparian or catchment land cover classes at any spatial scale. Separating land use from riparian cover in the entire watershed was difficult, but riparian cover was most closely correlated with in-stream nutrient concentrations. By controlling for land cover, a significant correlation of riparian cover for the 2 km above the sampling site with in-stream nutrient concentrations could be established. Surprisingly, land use in the entire watershed, including small intermittent streams, had a large influence on average downstream water quality although the headwater streams were not flowing for a substantial portion of the year. This suggests that nutrient criteria may not be met only by managing permanently flowing streams.