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921.
An Open Source GIS‐Based Decision Support System for Watershed Evaluation of Best Management Practices
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Hui Shao Wanhong Yang John Lindsay Yongbo Liu Zhiqiang Yu Anatoliy Oginskyy 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(3):521-531
Economic costs, water quantity/quality benefits, and cost effectiveness of agricultural best management practices (BMPs) at a watershed scale are increasingly examined using integrated economic‐hydrologic models. However, these models are typically complex and not user‐friendly for examining the effects of various BMP scenarios. In this study, an open source geographic information system (GIS)‐based decision support system (DSS), named the watershed evaluation of BMPs (WEBs), was developed for creating BMP scenarios and simulating economic costs and water quantity/quality benefits at farm field, subbasin, and watershed scales. This DSS or WEBs interface integrated a farm economic model, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), and an optimization model within Whitebox Geospatial Analysis Tools (GAT), an open source GIS software. The DSS was applied to the 14.3‐km2 Gully Creek watershed, a coastal watershed in southern Ontario, Canada that drains directly into Lake Huron. BMPs that were evaluated included conservation tillage, nutrient management, cover crop, and water and sediment control basins. In addition to assessing economic costs, water quantity/quality benefits, and cost effectiveness of BMPs, the DSS can be also used to examine prioritized BMP types/locations and corresponding economic and water quantity/quality tradeoffs in the study watershed based on environmental targets or budget constraints. Further developments of the DSS including interface transfer to other watersheds are also discussed. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献
922.
Based on the national database of 28,104 water rights (concessions) granted in Colombia, this paper presents an analysis of how the principles of equity and sustainability are reflected in water allocation. Concessions appear to be an exclusionary mechanism since only a minority of small water users have concessions and the distribution of water volumes among those who have them is extremely inequitable. The 2009 Gini coefficient calculated for water concessions granted for agriculture was 0.90 compared with the rural land Gini of 0.88 (both indicators grouping holdings under the same entity). More than half of the Colombian departments have a higher Gini coefficient for water than for land, suggesting that water rights are at least as unequally distributed as land, in one of the most inequitable countries in Latin America. Water allocated to domestic, agriculture and hydropower use indicates a lack of consistency of water allocation criteria across regions. The volumetric and administrative attributes of water allocation in Colombia do not account for environmental flows or the concerns of marginalised groups of society that have limited access to the mechanism. Water allocation as a technical task, with limited transparency and secluded from public scrutiny, does not contribute to the solution of increasing water-related conflicts. 相似文献
923.
东莞运河水环境容量优化研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文根据东莞运河的特点,建立了适用运河特点的水环境容量优化模型,求解运河在不同的运行规律下最大的水环境容量值。建立的模型简单,易于求解,求解方程可以直接引用线性规划软件,计算得到的结果正确。 相似文献
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928.
灰色系统理论在湖泊水质预测建模中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文将灰色系统理论应用于湖泊水质预测建模研究,提出了湖泊水质预测的建模方法,并建立了某湖化学需氧量(COD)的GM(1,1)预测模型。 相似文献
929.
水环境质量评价的可视化系统研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以河南省安阳市境内3条水系为例,提出了实现水环境质量评价的计算机图形可视化的技术路线和系统设计方案。深入探讨了实现河流水系的动态控制和交互处理的可能性。通过形象直观的计算机动态图形画面,再现了河流水质的现在和将来。 相似文献
930.
甲基红分光光度法测定水中余氯 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
提出了以甲基红褪色光度法测定水中的余氯。在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基红褪色,最大吸收波长524nm,摩尔吸光系数=1.25×104L/mol·cm。余氯质量浓度在0 0mg/L~1mg/L范围内遵守比耳定律。对甲基红混合溶液的加入量以及样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等作了条件试验,并与DPD分光光度法进行了对比测定,两种方法测定结果基本一致。 相似文献