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61.
The Kabartal wetland situated in the upper Indo-Gangetic flood plains in northern India is significant because of its hydrological
and ecological services, and the socio-economic and cultural values that it represents. Despite being designated as a wildlife
sanctuary, this wetland is under threat from anthropogenic pressures. As in the case of most wetlands, the reason is incomplete
information on its ecological services and functions, breakdown of traditional management structures and the lack of appropriate
and recognized property rights. Our study assesses the economic linkages between the Kabartal wetland and the local people
living around it, through socio-economic surveys and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The major objective of the study was
to determine the importance of this wetland to the local people and to give an indication of the distribution of the benefits
among various stakeholders. The people in the region are poor, have low literacy levels and high dependence on Kabartal and
more than 50% want that the wetland should be drained and the land used for agriculture. However, they are willing to participate
in collaborative management initiatives with the state. The willingness of people to accept compensation, as an alternative
to access to Kabartal wetland, regressed on various socio-economic and attitudinal parameters, gave an estimated mean value
of US $27,500 per household over a period of 60 years. This value is a pointer of the total value of access to Kabartal wetland
to the surrounding villagers and would be useful when decisions to compensate people for lost access to Kabartal are made. 相似文献
62.
63.
The inhibitory effect of aniline in photochemical smog reactions was studied using actual Toronto air samples. An aniline concentration of 0.81 pphm had negligible effect in a light traffic air sample containing negligible NO, whereas 20 pphm in a heavy traffic sample caused a 70% decrease in the oxidant dosage, a 50% decrease in the NO2 peak and a four-fold increase in the NO half-life. In experiments with propylene in synthetic mixtures, the half-life of propylene was increased from 144 min. to 192 min. by the present of 20 pphm of aniline. In addition, a thirty-fold increase in condensation nuclei was produced following a one hour induction period. A chemical mechanism is proposed which is consistent with these results. Although the condensation nuclei detected may be too small to produce light scattering, they may be retained in the lung. In addition they may grow in size. These consequences do not favour the use of aniline as an inhibitor in photochemical smog. 相似文献
64.
Activated charcoal, Amberlite XAD-2, and Amberlite XAD-7 have been evaluated for the solid sampling of airborne nitroglycerin, ethylene glycol dinitrate and isopropyl nitrate. With the use of diethyl ether for solvent desorption, XAD-2 was found superior for sampling nitroglycerin and ethylene glycol dinitrate. Both XAD-7 and activated charcoal gave high recoveries for isopropyl nitrate; charcoal had a greater capacity than XAD-7 for this compound, however. 相似文献
65.
Amberlite XAD-2 and XAD-7 porous polymers were evaluated for the solid sampling of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds in work-room air. With the use of solvent desorption, XAD-2 gave 80–100% recovery of nitroaromatics, and XAD-7 85–100% recovery of nitroaliphatics. The compounds studied were nitromethane, nitroethane, 2-nitropropane, nitrobenzene, -dinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. All six compounds gave very poor recoveries from activated charcoal. 相似文献
66.
A model describing parents’ preferences to relieve their own and their children's acute illnesses is estimated using stated-preference data. Estimated marginal rates of substitution (MRS) between child and parent illness are about two, indicating that parents value children's illness attributes twice as highly as their own. The MRS is larger for younger children, falls toward unity as the child approaches adulthood, and appears to reflect parental altruism rather than parent–child differences in initial health or illness costs. Intra-family allocations may compensate for chronic health impairments. Parents’ willingness to pay to avoid own or child illness increases with income, declines with fertility, increases at a decreasing rate with duration and number of symptoms, and depends on perceived discomfort and activity restrictions. Current methods of assessing morbidity benefits of environmental regulations may understate substantially the value of children's health, particularly in African-American families. 相似文献
67.
E.A. Andreeva N.K. Belisheva I.I. Freedlanskaya G.P. Pinaev G Blomquist 《Chemosphere》1982,11(4):377-381
Discrimination between malignant cells and their normal counterparts by surface properties has been demonstrated by means of two-phase aqueous polymer systems. Primary cultures of normal rat fibroblasts were treated with carcinogens DMBA and DEN. Nonmaliguant mouse fibroblasts of permanent line were treated with carcinogen DB(a,h)A. These treatments change their partition in the direction of their malignant counterparts. Noncarcinogenic phenanthrene affected the cell partition in the reverse direction. The possibility of using two-phase aqueous polymer systems for testing carcinogenic chemicals is discussed. 相似文献
68.
Gasper A. Garofalo Michael S. Fogarty 《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》1983,10(4):383-387
The net agglomeration and disamenities approaches to the measurement of agglomeration economies are merged. The net agglomeration view is represented by a labor demand function derived from Segal (D. Segal, Rev. Econ. Stat. 48, 339–350 (1976)). The disamenities view is represented by an upward-sloping labor supply function derived from Izraeli (O. Izraeli, Urban Stud. 14, 275–290 (1977)). Three cases are simulated. Case I is the benchmark case and assumes a linear homogeneous production function, no agglomeration economies, and no perceived environmental quality differences between cities. Cases II and III combine Segal and Izraeli by introducing agglomeration economies, an upward-sloping labor supply function, and a change in the level of air pollution. The results demonstrate the feasibility of isolating the output of market goods and environmental goods within a common framework. 相似文献
69.
目的了解衡阳市产妇产后抑郁症发生的现状及其相关影响因素,探讨中国传统习俗在产妇产后抑郁症发生中的作用.方法在衡阳市随机抽取4个社区,再在每个社区随机抽取产后2~4周的妇女共492例,利用"EPDS量表"和自编的"产后抑郁症影响因素调查表"对其进行调查,EPDS≥13定义为抑郁症患者,分析产妇产后抑郁症发生的现状及其影响因素.结果 492例产妇中共有107例抑郁症,抑郁症发生率为21.75%.产妇的年龄、"坐月子"的地点、家庭经济收入、分娩方式与产后抑郁症的发生无关(P0.05),产妇的文化程度、婴儿的健康程度、性别、与期望性别的一致性、家人对婴儿的心理接受性、夫妻关系、婆媳关系等7个因素与产后抑郁症的发生有关(P0.05).结论衡阳市产妇产后抑郁症的发生率为21.75%,中国"重男轻女、传宗接代"的传统思想与产后抑郁症发生有关. 相似文献
70.
Willingness to Pay for Improving the Residential Waste Disposal System in Korea: A Choice Experiment Study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study attempts to apply choice experiments with regard to the residential waste disposal system (RWDS) in Korea by considering
various attributes that are related to RWDS. Using data from a survey conducted on 492 households, the empirical analysis
yields estimates of the willingness to pay for a clean food-waste collection facility, the collection of small items (such
as obsolete mobile phones and add-ons for personal computers), and a more convenient large waste disposal system. The estimation
results of multinomial logit models are quite similar to those of nested logit models. The results reveal that residents have
preferences for the cleanliness of facilities and the collection of small items. In Korea, residents are required to purchase
and attach stickers for the disposal of large items; they want to be able to obtain stickers at not only village offices but
also supermarkets. On the other hand, the frequency of waste collection is not a significant factor in the choice of the improved
waste management program.
相似文献
Seung-Hoon YooEmail: |