攀枝花泥石流沟谷形态的非线性特征

攀枝花市大部分地区属泥石流重度危险区,所辖区县历史上多次受泥石流危害,现在仍有许多城镇、工矿、电站和交通设施受泥石流威胁。区内泥石流沟主要分布在断裂发育、岩层风化强烈、暴雨频发的安宁河、金沙江和雅砻江河谷地带。通过对区内近200条泥石流沟发育状况统计分析发现,泥石流沟沟床比降、流域面积、主沟长度、形态数和相对高度在空间分布上具非线性的分形特征,与对应的泥石流沟条数具良好的非线性相关关系,表明泥石流系统的演化具自相似性。其中沟床比降和流域面积的分维值最小,对泥石流沟的形成、演变控制最为显著。这也在一定程度上揭示了这些泥石流沟谷形态演变的非均匀性和自相似性。     

砖混建筑在泥石流冲击作用下的破坏形态模拟

我国山地泥石流活动频繁,建筑物防护是山区城镇建设及泥石流堆积扇开发利用中必须解决的问题.了解建筑物在泥石流冲击力作用下的破坏形态,有助于防灾工程设计.利用实际观测数据和泥石流破坏现场调查分析结果,对砖混建筑在受到泥石流冲击力作用下的受力形式及破坏形态进行了理论模拟和计算.在此基础上,进行了墙片的破坏性试验,现场观测墙体在冲击作用下的破坏形态和历程,验证理论模拟结果,提出了加强砖混建筑抵抗泥石流冲击的措施,为建筑物抵抗泥石流冲击设计提供参考.     

DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER AND ITS MITIGATION COUNTERMEASURES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE MOUNTAIN AREAS IN THE WESTERN CHINA

Debrisflowdisasterharmingcities/towns,trafficlinesandwaterconservancyisoneofthemostimportantdisastersandoneoftheprimaryfactorsofrestrictionofeconomicdevelop mentinwesternmountainareasofChina.Withtheimplementofwesterndevelopmentpro gram,mountaincities/townswillgrowrapidly.Theconflictionbetweenrapidgrowthofcities/townsinmountainareasanddeteriorationofdebrisflowwillbemoreserious,thusthere searchesonmitigationcountermeasuresarenecessaryfordevelopmentandconstructionofmountaincities/towns.Actualitya…     

泥石流灾害信息共享的方法与实现

对泥石流信息进行广泛收集，科学分类和编码，建设泥石流信息数据库，利用现代信息技术建立数据接口与Internet连接，提供网络信息检索和查询服务是实现泥石流灾害信息共享的最佳方法。本文提出了实现泥石流灾害信息共享的方案。     

风险评价技术在2003年"7.11"泥石流灾害评价中的应用

四川省甘孜州丹巴县巴底乡邛山沟于2003年7月11日晚暴发罕见泥石流,给当地造成巨大的人员和财产损失.本文以邛山沟泥石流为研究对象,通过灾害形成背景以及泥石流灾害特征的研究,采用单沟泥石流风险评价的技术方法,对邛山沟“7.11“泥石流灾害进行了风险评价,提出了减灾和防治措施.     

Effect of forest harvesting best management practices on coarse woody debris distribution in stream and riparian zones in three Appalachian watersheds

The distribution of coarse woody debris (CWD) was analyzed in three Appalachian watersheds in eastern Kentucky, eighteen years after harvest. The three watersheds included an unharvested control (Control), a second watershed with best management practices (BMPs) applied that included a 15.2 m unharvested zone near the stream (BMP watershed), and a third watershed that was harvested without strict BMPs with harvesting occurring up to the stream edge and slash left within the stream and riparian zones (No BMP watershed). We assessed the CWD occurring both within the riparian zone and stream in the three watersheds. Within both stream and riparian zones, the BMP and No BMP watersheds contained more CWD biomass than in the Control, however, the No BMP watershed CWD was in a more advanced state of decay than in either the BMP or Control watersheds. Nitrogen content in CWD was also greater in the No BMP watershed because of the more advanced state of the decay. The CWD present in the Control is the result of natural forest processes such as death and self-pruning. The CWD in the No BMP watershed is a result of the slash left behind after the harvest since little opportunity exists for new recruitment of CWD from the surrounding area. From our decay class data, it is apparent that at least some of the CWD in the BMP watershed has occurred since harvest, and, based on our biomass data, at a much greater rate of recruitment than in the Control watershed. We hypothesize that the harvest outside of the riparian zone in the BMP watershed may have led to greater windthrow and/or slumping than in the Control watershed. As such, our data suggest that riparian zones of 15.2 m may not be effective in maintaining the short-term integrity of the CWD pool within steep gradient Appalachian systems.     

泥石流堆积扇危险度分区评价的数值模拟研究

本文应用泥石流非恒定流数学模型对泥石流平面运动进行了数值模拟，提出了泥石流堆积扇危险度评价的理论和方法。实例验证表明该法计算简便，稳健可靠，是评价泥石流堆积扇危险度的一种新途径。     

泥石流在两河交汇处堵江后坝体渗流模型的研究

采用重正化群方法算出三维自由渗流模型的渗流阀值 ,在此基础上提出三维具有自相似性质的渗流模型。并在此模型下分析了在实际观测中坝体对岸处易溃坝的原因以及从泥石流堵江后坝体衍化的角度探讨了它崩溃的机理     

岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别

泥石流堵塞主河,特别是堵断主河后发生重大灾害的实例屡见不鲜,对泥石流堵河的研究也方兴未艾。选取岷江上游具有代表性的堵河型泥石流沟4条、堵塞型泥石流沟及不堵河型泥石流沟各2条,通过文献查阅、实地调查得到各泥石流沟的基本数据、泥石流堵河状况及入汇处主河特征的资料,对堵河型泥石流基本特征进行分析总结,并与堵塞型、不堵河型泥石流沟进行比较,得出计算泥石流堵断主河可能性大小的经验公式,并对所选典型泥石流沟进行了计算。经分析,计算结果与实际相符,故在岷江上游干旱河谷区,可用此式计算泥石流堵河可能性大小,并依此来判断泥石流对主河的堵塞程度,计算数值越大,堵塞程度就越高,一般堵河可能性〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗在10以上为易于堵河,介于5～10可对主河造成较严重的堵塞,小于5则堵河的可能性很小,多产生轻微堵塞。〖     

鲜水河地震带炉霍段泥石流特征初步研究

鲜水河地震带是我国8大地震带之一,其附近区域地质灾害活动强烈。鲜水河地震带炉霍段是泥石流多发段,该地带的泥石流发育特征与活动断裂分布、地形地貌和水文气象因子密切相关。结合GIS技术,分别从地质构造、地理位势、地层岩性、水文气象和人类活动5个方面揭示了该区域泥石流的成因和分布特征。调查结果表明,研究区的泥石流发育具有明显的区域性和季节性,其发育程度与距离鲜水河断裂带的远近密切相关。