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291.
三峡库区泥石流活动发展趋势的分析预测 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
三峡水库135m高程蓄水将近,库区泥石流活动对城、镇、移民新村的安全问题备受政府关注。2009年水库175m水位蓄水后,泥石流活动的发展趋势如何?对三峡库区蓄水前、后泥石流环境的变化特点,特别是蓄水后库岸再造过程对泥石流活动的影响,库区工程建设中人类不合理活动可能形成的人为泥石流等因素作了较全面的分析,提出了库区泥石流活动发展趋势的11项预测结果和一点建议,供有关部门讨论和实施库区地质灾害防治规划参考。 相似文献
292.
三维离散单元法在泥石流堆积研究中的应用 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
泥石流在河道汇流部的堆积会引起主河道河床和水流的改变。为了研究泥石流的堆积与输移规律,在对传统离散单元法(DEM)进行分析的基础上,提出了适用于计算泥石流运动的三维离散单元模型,并应用该模型计算了主河在无水(或弱水流)条件下,泥石流的堆积过程与堆积扇形态。在此基础上,提出了泥石流(采用离散单元法)与主河水流(用流体力学方法)交替计算的耦合模型,模型重点考虑了堆积体与水流交界面单元格中泥沙的沉积与输移,并按单元格中的流动状态和泥沙浓度来确定泥沙的沉积与输移。运用改进后的模型计算了无水和有水流作用下的两种堆积过程,其堆积体的纵向坡面变化、堆积扇的几何形态、泥沙浓度分布等,均得到了较详细的刻画。 相似文献
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山区城镇泥石流减灾决策支持系统 总被引:11,自引:2,他引:11
山区城镇泥石流减灾决策支持系统是山区城镇泥石流减灾的重要手段之一。该系统由基础数据库、泥石流模型分析和泥石流减灾决策应用三大模块构成 ,其主要功能有降水、泥石流地声和运动监测及信息实时发送和接收、泥石流预报、泥石流危险范围预测与灾情预估、泥石流警报和临灾预案制定。其工作流程为 :降水监测仪将降水信息无线发送到控制中心主机 ,主机对降水信息处理后发送给泥石流预报模型进行泥石流预报 ,并利用泥石流危险性分区模型进行危险范围预测 ,同时进行灾情预估 ;泥石流地声监测仪将地声信号发送给主机 ,主机检测到泥石流地声后发出泥石流警报 ;泥石流运动监测仪将运动信息发送给主机 ,主机根据泥石流运动要素进行危险范围划定和灾情预估 ,最后制定临灾预案。 相似文献
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296.
Syndi J. Dudley J. Craig Fischenich Steven R. Abt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1998,34(5):1189-1197
ABSTRACT: Recent environmental concerns in floodplain management have stimulated research of the effect vegetation and debris have on flow conveyance, and their function in a productive riparian ecosystem. Although the effect of stable, in-channel woody debris formations on flow resistance has been noted by several authors, studies concerning entrapment of detrital debris in vegetation are lacking. Logs, limbs, branches, leaves and other debris transported during flooding often become lodged against bridges, hydraulic structures, trees and vegetation, and other obstacles, particularly in and near the overbank areas. Hydraulic measurements obtained in a channel prior to and following the removal of woody debris indicated that the average Manning's n value was 39 percent greater when woody debris was present. An examination of the drag-velocity relation for vegetation indicated that an increase in the frontal area of debris and/or vegetation results in a nearly proportional increase in Manning's n. The influence of debris on flow resistance decreased as flow depth increased. 相似文献
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This research focuses on the effect of debris-flow on thevarious hydrogeochemical processes occurring at Cross-River as aresult of disposal of industrial and household wastes as well as sewage into the river. It also focuses on development anddetermination of the saline nature of the rivers dry land.The study is carried out by a survey at different depths of theriver for water and soil samples analysis.The results show that concentrations of cations and anionsreasonably high and uniform except for nitrates which is quitehigh due to agricultural activities occurring in the study areas.Also Mg and SO4 ions are high due to reactions within thecolluvium include ion exchange of calcium for sodium in basalclays; dissolution of sodium chloride from dust – derived saltparticles in the clay-rich colluvium reactions.The Electrical conductive shows that Cross-River containsdissolved solids. Soil analysis indicates the presence of K, Ca,Mg, and Cl. pH values were also deducted from soil samples (6.30–6.45). 相似文献
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An essential component of disaster planning and preparation is the identification and selection of temporary disaster debris management sites (DMS). However, since DMS identification is a complex process involving numerous variable constraints, many regional, county and municipal jurisdictions initiate this process during the post‐disaster response and recovery phases, typically a period of severely stressed resources. Hence, a pre‐disaster approach in identifying the most likely sites based on the number of locational constraints would significantly contribute to disaster debris management planning. As disasters vary in their nature, location and extent, an effective approach must facilitate scalability, flexibility and adaptability to variable local requirements, while also being generalisable to other regions and geographical extents. This study demonstrates the use of binomial cluster analysis in potential DMS identification in a case study conducted in Hamilton County, Indiana. 相似文献