Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter over a coal burning power production area of western Macedonia, Greece

Total suspended particle (TSP) concentrations were determined in the Eordea basin (western Macedonia, Greece), an area with intensive lignite burning for power generation. The study was conducted over a one-year period (November 2000–November 2001) at 10 sites located at variable distances from the power plants. Ambient TSP samples were analyzed for 27 major, minor and trace elements. Annual means of TSP concentrations ranged between 47 ± 33 μg m⁻³ and 110 ± 50 μg m⁻³ at 9 out of the 10 sites. Only the site closest to the power stations and the lignite conveyor belts exhibited annual TSP levels (210 ± 97 μg m⁻³) exceeding the European standard (150 μg m⁻³, 80/779/EEC). Concentrations of TSP and almost all elemental components exhibited significant spatial variations; however, the elemental profiles of TSP were quite similar among all sites suggesting that they are affected by similar source types. At all sites, statistical analysis indicated insignificant (P < 0.05) seasonal variation for TSP concentrations. Some elements (Cl, As, Pb, Br, Se, S, Cd) exhibited significantly higher concentrations at certain sites during the cold period suggesting more intense emissions from traffic, domestic heating and other combustion sources. On the contrary, concentrations significantly higher in the warm period were found at other sites mainly for crustal elements (Ti, Mn, K, P, Cr, etc.) suggesting stronger influence from soil resuspension and/or fly ash in the warm months. The most enriched elements against local soil or road dust were S, Cl, Cu, As, Se, Br, Cd and Pb, whereas negligible enrichment was found for Ti, Mn, Mg, Al, Si, P, Cr. At most sites, highest concentrations of TSP and elemental components were associated with low- to moderate-speed winds favoring accumulation of emissions from local sources. Influences from the power generation were likely at those sites located closest to the power plants and mining activities.     

种养殖耦合的海水农业系统研究

本研究建立了养殖耦合的海水农业系统,结果表明,种养殖耦合的海水农业系统对污染物具有良好的净化效果,对Chl.去除效果尤其显著,污染物NO3-N、NO2-N、NH4-N、TP、COD、TN、Chl.的去除率分别为:58.11、58.61、62.86、54.45、52.62、46.84和85.69%.用养殖废水种植蔬菜,实现了废水无害化和资源化的统一,具有较好的经济、生态效益.     

砷在不同物候期香蒲中的分布及其生理影响

为研究砷(As)在挺水植物中的富集和植物的逆境适应特征,以香蒲(Typha angustifolius L.)为例,通过水培模拟实验,研究As(浓度为0、0.5、2.0、5.0、10.0 mg/L)胁迫下不同物候期(生长期、花果期、枯黄期)香蒲叶组织和亚细胞水平As的分布特征及对活性氧代谢的生理影响。结果表明:香蒲叶组织As含量随As胁迫浓度的增加呈现逐渐升高的趋势;随着香蒲的生长(生长期、花果期、枯黄期),叶组织中As含量呈现先升高后下降的趋势,As含量在生长期最高,表明生长期的香蒲对As的富集积累能力最强。在As胁迫下,随着香蒲的生长,叶细胞壁和细胞液中As的分布比例之和为63.5%~84.5%,表明细胞壁和细胞液组分是香蒲储存As的主要部位。As对不同物候期香蒲叶中过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响与As浓度呈正相关,对过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性产生低促高抑的作用,在不同物候期,POD与CAT存在互补关系,表明香蒲通过限制As细胞壁的固持和细胞液的区隔化来降低As的毒害;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)含量随香蒲生长和As浓度增加均显著增加,表明抗氧化酶相互协作是香蒲应对As胁迫的重要策略。     

氮肥企业退役地块氨氮污染及其风险研究

基于氮肥企业退役地块土壤、地下水、土壤气和室内空气中氨氮的实测数据,分析了氨氮在各地块中的污染水平和分布特征,评估了氨氮污染的人体健康风险,分析了氨挥发造成的刺激性异味风险和对室内空气质量的影响,及氨氮迁移转化对附近地表水和下游地下水水质的污染风险.分析发现,4个地块中土壤和地下水氨氮含量均表现较强的变异性,土壤中氨氮最高浓度分别高达12700.00,2420.00,2920.00,2370.00mg/kg,地下水中氨氮最高值分别高达7550.00,5100.00,847.00,3760.00mg/L.在平面分布上,4个地块中土壤和地下水较高浓度氨氮均主要分布在生产区和污水处理区,在垂向分布上4个地块间存在差异,氮肥厂I的土壤以黏土为主,多数点位氨氮含量随深度增加而递减,氮肥厂II、III和IV的土壤以粉土/粉砂或粉土夹粉黏为主,氨氮含量总体呈现随深度增加而增加的趋势.4个地块中,仅氮肥厂I在最保守条件下土壤中氨氮的最高危害熵(1.54)略超可接受风险水平(1.0).氮肥厂II和IV的土壤气和室内空气中检出氨浓度范围分别为≤ 9.88mg/m³和≤ 0.18mg/m³,对室内空气质量未产生不利影响.氮肥厂I和II紧邻河流监测井中的氨氮浓度超《地表水环境质量标准》中IV类(1.5mg/L)标准1.05~409.33倍,氮肥厂III和IV污染区地下水中氨氮浓度在至少4次监测结果中有轻微降低,且在下游监测井中发现硝态氮的积累.分析结果表明,4个地块在现状条件下土壤和地下水氨氮污染的人体健康风险较低,对室内空气质量影响较小.但地块地下水中氨氮是附近地表水和下游地下水环境的长期污染源,氨氮转化的硝态氮更易向下游迁移.建议今后处理氮肥企业退役地块氨氮污染时将其对地表水和下游地下水环境的污染风险纳入考虑.     

核电厂应急监测策略

综述了目前国内外核电厂环境辐射监测策略研究的现状与发展趋势,分析了核电厂应急监测需要关注的主要问题,包括应急监测的概念和范围、基本原则和要求、监测内容、组织管理策略、核事故时序和各阶段的应急监测策略、基础设施和设备需求、采样策略、需要关注的核素及其分析方法、质量管理策略等,在此基础上形成了应急监测策略的分析方法.提出今...