地矿系统矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能评价

本文通过对地质矿产系统１１５ 例矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能检查与分析，对矽肺呼吸功能障碍的性质与程度进行了评价；提出了肺功能检查能为矽肺患者代偿机能及劳动力鉴定提供辅助依据的见解；同时阐明了吸烟对肺功能的影响及小气道功能检查对早期发现亚临床期病人的意义     

视屏显示终端作业的健康问题及其对策

视屏显示终端作业不仅提高了人—机—环境系统的信息传递效率。减轻了操作者的劳动负荷,也带来了若干有损健康的问题,如眼睛疲劳,职业性肌肉骨骼慢性疾患,职业性应激。对此进行讨论。提出对策,并就开展我国VDT作业健康研究阐述了看法。     

Safety evaluation: Important safeguard of work safety for enterprises in China

This paper mainly reviews on safety evaluation in China in recent years, explains the role of safety evaluation playing in work safety and introduces the progress of safety evaluation made in industries. Also it introduces some important provisions on Safety Evaluation Agencies (SEA), and the evaluation specifications and standards, on which the safety evaluation is carried out, issued by China government. Furthermore, it analyzes the incompletes in safety evaluation and discusses their possible influence on SEA, local administration of work safety and the public's reorganization, and indicates the key points to be developed in China future safety evaluation.     

Frequency and determinants of recommended workplace violence prevention measures

PROBLEM: Limited information exists concerning adoption of workplace violence prevention measures by employers and the factors influencing their adoption. METHODS: A weighted sample of North Carolina workplaces (n=210) in operation January 1994 through March 1998 was used to estimate prevalence of 18 measures and identify community and workplace predictors of having >/=5 recommended measures. RESULTS: Location in a metropolitan area most strongly predicted presence of >/=5 administrative safety measures while a history of workplace violence and being in a high crime area were negatively associated. Belonging to an industry considered to be high-risk for workplace homicide was most strongly associated with having >/=5 environmental safety measures. DISCUSSION: Factors influencing high prevalence of violence prevention measures were related to business type, violence history, and location. Knowledge of factors influencing adoption of recommended workplace violence prevention measures can help tailor interventions to diverse industry settings. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: An important contribution to the understanding and mitigation of workplace homicide is knowledge of the extent of implementation of recommended workplace violence prevention guidelines and factors influencing their adoption. Identifying factors that influence the prevalence and adoption of workplace violence safety interventions can help to tailor development of interventions to address the issue of workplace homicide across diverse industry settings.     

Assessing motivation for work environment improvements: Internal consistency, reliability and factorial structure

Problem

Workers' motivation to actively take part in improvements to the work environment is assumed to be important for the efficiency of investments for that purpose. That gives rise to the need for a tool to measure this motivation.

Method

A questionnaire to measure motivation for improvements to the work environment has been designed. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the domains of the questionnaire have been measured, and the factorial structure has been explored, from the answers of 113 employees.

Results

The internal consistency is high (0.94), as well as the correlation for the total score (0.84). Three factors are identified accounting for 61.6% of the total variance.

Discussion

The questionnaire can be a useful tool in improving intervention methods.

Impact on Industry

The expectation is that the tool can be useful, particularly with the aim of improving efficiency of companies' investments for work environment improvements.     

企业有效识别环境因素的工作模式

有效识别环境因素是企业建立ISO14001环境管理体系的重要基础,针对企业识别环境因素过程中普遍存在的调查组组织构成不完全．人员权责不明确,信息交流不充分．调查程序设置不合理等问题,从实践出发,设计了一个富有效率的系统化的工作模式．可为实际的环境因素识别工作提供有效的指导。     

Work injuries and disability

Problem

This study estimated the hazard ratio for disability pension retirement (DPR) for persons who have experienced a work injury causing absence lasting at least one day after the accidental injury occurred and to estimate the fraction of DPR attributable to work injuries.

Methods:

A total of 4,217 male and 4,105 female employees from a national survey were followed up for subsequent DPR.

Results and impact on industry and government:

Having had a work injury was a strong predictor of DPR among men. After control for age, smoking, body mass index, body postures, and physical demands, the hazard ratio (HR) among those employees who had ever experienced a work injury was 1.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20-2.68). No association was found among women.

Summary:

Having had a reportable work injury is a strong predictor of subsequent DPR for men.     

Overcoming the blame game to learn from major accidents: A systemic analysis of an Anhydrous Ammonia leakage accident

This article aims to demonstrate the need for changing the methods with which accidents are analyzed, if we truly wish to use what we uncover from them to learn and enrich our knowledge base of organizational management. The goal is to relinquish the broadly adopted and rather simplistic paradigm that accepts the search for human error and unsafe acts performed by workers, and produces “guilt diagnostics”. Instead, we use a systemic accident analysis methodology, based on the sociotechnical principle of understanding the real operating conditions in which accidents take place. In order to demonstrate the benefits of the theoretical framework, we compare the analyses of an Anhydrous Ammonia gas leakage accident in a fish processing plant using the traditional accident analysis model based on unsafe acts and the proposed systemic approach. The results favor the latter since it tends to be more reliable and offering useful recommendations to safety management processes, thus helping to prevent accidents, especially in complex systems.     

Effects of environment, vehicle and driver characteristics on risky driving behavior at work zones

This study aims to analyze the effects of environment, vehicle and driver characteristics on the risky driving behavior at work zones. A decision tree is developed using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to graphically display the relationship between the risky driving behavior and its influencing factors. This approach could avoid the inherent problems occurred in the conventional logistic regression models and further improve the model prediction accuracy. Based on the Michigan M-94/I-94/I-94BL/I-94BR highway work zone driving behavior data, the decision tree comprising 33 leaf nodes is built. Bad weather, poor road and light conditions, partial/no access control, no traffic control devices, turning left/right and driving in an old vehicle are found to be associated with the risky driving behavior at work zones. The middle-aged drivers, who are going straight ahead in their vehicles with medium service time and equipped with an airbag system, are more likely to take risky behavior at lower work zone speed limits. Further, the middle-aged male drivers engage in risky driving behavior more frequently than the middle-aged female drivers. The number of lanes exhibits opposing effects on risky behavior under different traveling conditions. More specifically, the risky driving behavior is associated with the single-lane road under bad light or weather conditions while drivers are more likely to engage in risky behavior on the multi-lane road under good light conditions.