Effects of environment, vehicle and driver characteristics on risky driving behavior at work zones

This study aims to analyze the effects of environment, vehicle and driver characteristics on the risky driving behavior at work zones. A decision tree is developed using the classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm to graphically display the relationship between the risky driving behavior and its influencing factors. This approach could avoid the inherent problems occurred in the conventional logistic regression models and further improve the model prediction accuracy. Based on the Michigan M-94/I-94/I-94BL/I-94BR highway work zone driving behavior data, the decision tree comprising 33 leaf nodes is built. Bad weather, poor road and light conditions, partial/no access control, no traffic control devices, turning left/right and driving in an old vehicle are found to be associated with the risky driving behavior at work zones. The middle-aged drivers, who are going straight ahead in their vehicles with medium service time and equipped with an airbag system, are more likely to take risky behavior at lower work zone speed limits. Further, the middle-aged male drivers engage in risky driving behavior more frequently than the middle-aged female drivers. The number of lanes exhibits opposing effects on risky behavior under different traveling conditions. More specifically, the risky driving behavior is associated with the single-lane road under bad light or weather conditions while drivers are more likely to engage in risky behavior on the multi-lane road under good light conditions.     

WBS-RBS与AHP方法在土建工程施工安全风险评估中的应用

结合土建工程施工安全风险管理的特点,提出了WBS-RBS与AHP相结合的土建工程施工安全风险评估方法,把评估过程分为工程项目资料调研、风险辨识、风险衡量和风险度计算4个步骤,并详细介绍了WBS-RBS风险辨识方法、专家调查风险衡量方法和AHP风险度计算方法在土建工程施工安全风险评估中的应用。WBS-RBS与AHP相结合的土建工程施工安全风险评估方法在系统分析计算的基础上,能够全面的辨识土建工程项目施工安全的典型风险和计算总的风险度,为工程项目的施工安全风险评价提供了一个可行的方法和为有效防范风险奠定了基础。     

安全生产危机预警初探

危机预警是根据系统外部环境和内部条件的变化,对系统不利事件和风险进行的预测和警报.当生产中的某种或某几种危险指标达到危机预警指标时,企业出现危机情境.本文从安全生产风险管理的角度,探讨了安全生产危机预警的概念,研究了安全生产危机管理的内容.     

化工企业建立职业健康安全体系绩效对照研究

了解化工企业职业健康安全管理体系建立前后安全管理、工伤事故、经济与社会效益三个方面的变化情况.通过对9家化工企业的调查分析.研究表明,职业健康安全体系对提高化工企业职业安全健康管理水平有较好的作用.     

The relationship between protective and risk characteristics of acting and experienced workload, and musculoskeletal disorder cases among nurses

PROBLEMS: Limited research is available on the acting (work characteristics) and experienced (perceived stress) workload of nurses. The relationship between risk and protective characteristics of work-related factors and the prevalence of musculoskletal symptoms in different body regions is also unclear. METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional design with 97 female registered nurses working in a hospital setting. Two surveys were used to document the workload exposure of the nurses. One survey consisted of 148 items aimed to measure the acting workload variables from the environment; the other survey included 33 items that were aimed to measure the nurses' experienced workload. The musculoskeletal outcomes were documented with a modified version of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Survey. RESULTS: Factor analyses revealed three factors that accounted for 56% of the total variance. Factor 1 (i.e., integrated experienced energy replenishment/expenditure) represented the psychological effects of work characteristics, effort, perceived risk, and performance. Factor 2 (i.e., acting energy replenishment/expenditure) consisted of non-physical variables of the work characteristics, while Factor 3 (i.e., acting energy expenditure) included both acting and experienced workload. Logistic regression analyses indicated that Factor 3 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of lower and upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs (odds ratios > 1.0). Factor 2 was significantly associated with the musculoskeletal symptoms of the upper back and knees/lower legs (odds ratios < 1.0). SUMMARY: Both the acting and experienced workloads exhibited associations with musculoskeletal outcomes in the lower back, upper back, hands/wrists, and knees/lower legs in terms of risk and protective effects.     

国家生产安全应急救援体系分级响应和救援程序探讨

应急救援的响应机制是国家生产安全应急体系运行的重要基础 ,是保证应急救援活动快速、有效的技术关键。应依据生产安全事故的预期后果、影响范围、事态控制和事件的性质 ,实行预备 (Ⅰ级 )、专业启动(Ⅱ级 )和国家启动 (Ⅲ级 )三级响应机制。在各级应急组织制定和实施通用的应急响应程序 ,使应急反应的接警、启动、救援实施、事态控制、应急恢复 ,直到应急结束的全过程实现程序化和标准化。同时还应建立应急救援演练与评审改进机制 ,以评价应急体系的能力 ,检验应急预案的实效性 ,持续改进 ,不断完善 ,以提高整体应急水平。     

Causal attributions of Ghanaian industrial workers for accident occurrence: miners and non-miners perspective

Problem: Reports from the accident literature indicate that accident rates tend to vary with type of occupation. The mining industry has been recorded as the most dangerous with a high disabling injury rate. This observation has been attributed to the extremely stressful conditions under which miners work. Besides, the intimidating work environment in the mines has been insinuated to invoke a sense of helplessness, fatalism and hence defensive causal attributions for accident occurrences. Method: This study compared causal attributions between accident victims in Ghana's mining industry with their counterparts in textile factories. T values and Chi-square were employed to test for statistically significant differences between the two groups of accident victims. Results: Findings indicate that there is no difference between the causal attributions for miners and non-miners. Impact on Industry: Accident frequency and occupational type have no impact on causal attributions.     

A survey of forest workers in New Zealand. Do hours of work, rest, and recovery play a role in accidents and injury?

PROBLEM: A number of structural and organizational changes have occurred recently within the New Zealand Forestry Industry, with concerns being raised about the impact of these changes on the forestry worker in terms of fatigue, sleepiness, and compromised safety. This study explored the relationship of fatigue, and some of its key determinants, with accidents and injuries in a group of forestry industry workers in New Zealand. METHOD: A total of 367 forestry workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Fatigue was found to be commonly experienced at work in the forest, with 78% of workers reporting that they experienced fatigue at least "sometimes." This study found that certain groups of workers reported long working hours, reduced sleep, compromised recovery time, and intensely paced work. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that recent sleep, number of breaks taken during the workday, and specific job/tasks were independently associated with reporting of high fatigue levels at work. Near-miss injury events were significantly more common among those reporting a high level of fatigue at work. Accidents and lost-time injury were associated with length of time at work, ethnicity, and having had near-miss injury events. DISCUSSION: Together, these results suggest that fatigue and aspects of work organization, which are likely to be fatiguing, may be associated with compromised safety for forest workers. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: With an already slim margin of error present in forest operations, an impairment due to increased fatigue may constitute a significant risk factor for accidents and injuries in this workforce. The results indicate the need for further examination of shift and workload management among forestry workers, as well as a role for improving industry awareness about the causes and consequences of fatigue.     

中央企业应率先提高安全技术创新能力

中央企业是公有制经济的命脉 ,是国民经济发展的基础。中央企业的安全状况 ,代表了国家形象 ,代表了我国现阶段安全生产所能够达到的最好水平。中央企业具有资金雄厚、设备先进的优势 ,并拥有强大的技术力量和高素质的人才 ,在人、财、物、技术及管理等各方面具有极为有利的优越条件 ,最具安全技术创新的基础和实力。中央企业率先提高安全技术创新能力在推动安全生产科技进步、提高企业本质安全水平方面 ,具有重要的示范作用 ,对于我国的安全生产工作具有举足轻重的影响。笔者首先分析了中央企业安全生产工作现状 ,指出目前中央企业安全技术创新存在的主要问题 ;并列举中石油、中石化、杜邦等世界 5 0 0强企业安全技术创新的成功经验 ;在此基础上 ,进一步提出了中央企业提高安全技术创新能力的 4点建议     

增强科学意识 提高安全科学技术水平

当前 ,我国安全生产形势依然严峻 ,各类伤亡事故和职业危害尚未得到有效控制。这种局面与现阶段生产力发展不均衡、安全生产科技含量低有直接的关系。为此 ,笔者在分析了安全科学技术对安全生产的保障作用基础上 ,就如何增强科学意识 ,坚持科学态度 ,树立科学发展观 ,推动安全科学技术发展进行了分析和讨论。以期不断提高安全科学技术水平 ,依靠安全科学技术进步 ,不断提升安全生产水平 ,保护人民的安全与健康。