Besides navigation accuracy: Gender differences in strategy selection and level of spatial confidence

A virtual version of the reorientation task was employed to test new behavioral measures of navigation strategies and spatial confidence within a gender-fair assessment approach. The results demonstrated that, from a behavioral point of view, women had lower level of spatial confidence than men regardless of level of accuracy. Moreover, the way men and women selected spatial strategies depended on the arrangement of spatial cues within the environment. In other terms women relied on landmarks under specific conditions compatible with an adaptive combination/associative model of spatial orientation. Finally, the present study emphasized the importance to assess gender differences taking into account specific affective variables and information selection processing, beyond accuracy.     

Benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in an office setting

This research studied possible benefits of indoor plants on attention capacity in a controlled laboratory experiment. Participants were 34 students randomly assigned to one of two conditions: an office setting with four indoor plants, both flowering and foliage, or the same setting without plants. Attention capacity was assessed three times, i.e. immediately after entering the laboratory, after performing a demanding cognitive task, and after a five-minute break. Attention capacity was measured using a reading span test, a dual processing task known to tap the central executive function of attention. Participants in the plant condition improved their performance from time one to two, whereas this was not the case in the no-plant condition. Neither group improved performance from time two to three. The results are discussed in the context of Attention Restoration Theory and alternative explanations.     

吸附法处理含砷废水的研究进展

水体砷污染严重威胁着人类健康和生态系统,砷污染防治成为全球性环境问题,含砷水处理受到人们的普遍关注.与其它除砷方法相比较,吸附法具有去除效率高,稳定性好,不产生或很少产生二次污染,吸附剂可重复使用等优点,因而备受青睐.本文简要介绍了吸附法除砷的原理与特点,重点综述了矿物质、活性炭、金属(氢)氧化物、生物吸附剂、离子交换...     

基于资源环境承载力的渤海滨海城市产业结构综合评价

以经济效益、资源产出力、资源环境承载力相协调为目标,在多层次评价指标体系下,引入产业结构综合评价坐标系统(CECS,comprehensive evaluating coordinate system),对基于资源环境承载力的产业结构进行定性和定量相结合的描述分析,在分析产业结构构成时综合运用统计学方法和威孚-托马斯逼...     

基于生态足迹模型的贵州省生态可持续性动态分析

生态足迹是定量研究区域可持续发展的一种重要方法。运用生态足迹方法分析了贵州省1999—2008年生态足迹的动态变化,并利用生态足迹指数和生态足迹强度等指标对贵州省1999—2008年的生态可持续性进行了评估。结果表明：10年来,贵州省人均生态足迹由1999年的2.094 28 hm^2上升到2008年的3.613 48 hm^2;人均生物承载力由1999年的0.785 42 hm^2下降到2008年的0.734 81 hm^2;人均生态赤字由1999年的1.308 87 hm^2上升到2008年的2.878 68 hm^2;万元GDP生态足迹由1999年的8.287 91 hm^2下降到2008年的4.111 70 hm^2;生态足迹强度指数由1999年的2.666 46上升到2008年的4.917 61;生态足迹多样性呈现缓慢上升的趋势,社会发展指数总体呈逐年上升趋势;说明发展能力逐年提高,但这是以生态足迹增加为代价的。据此,提出减少了生态足迹和缓解生态环境压力的对策和建议。     

西双版纳森林植被碳储量动态与增汇潜力研究

科学评估区域森林碳储量动态与增汇潜力对理解陆地碳循环具有重要的意义。本文基于生物量转换因子连续函数法,对西双版纳1993—2006年间森林植被碳储量与碳汇潜力进行了研究,结果表明,（1）西双版纳1993—1994年间森林植被整体碳储量为60 770 378.37 t,碳汇增量表现为栎类（Quercus L.）〉经济林〉思茅松（Pinus kesiya）〉其它阔叶〉桤木（Alnus cremastogyne）,主要森林类型的碳密度范围为15.08～74.76 t.hm-2;2005—2006年间森林植被整体碳储量为62 347 715.19 t,比1994—1993年间上升2.60%,碳汇增量均表现为其它阔叶〉经济林〉栎类〉思茅松〉桤木〉杉木（Cunninghamia lanceolate）〉其它针叶,主要森林类型的碳密度范围为8.60～70.90 t.hm-2。（2）2005—2006年间,景洪森林植被整体碳储量为23 299 801.23 t,碳密度范围为8.78～73.35 t.hm-2;勐海森林植被整体碳储量为14 058 043.42 t,碳密度范围为7.95～59.51 t.hm-2;勐腊森林植被整体碳储量为25 050 562.32 t,碳密度范围为8.46～98.73 t.hm-2。可见,1993—2006年间,西双版纳森林植被起到了重要的碳汇功能,且其碳汇功能呈上升趋势。     

T型梁桥损伤肋梁对承载力的影响及其加固研究

针对辽阳市中华大桥局部结构损伤对其承载力影响的问题,通过现场静力试验和损伤检测,得出了系统的现场数据,将该数据与桥梁破坏前的检测数据进行对比,确定结构的主要损伤为预应力T型主梁连接处的肋梁严重破损.用大型三维有限元软件ANSYS中的生死单元技术模拟破坏肋梁,建立了单跨损伤肋梁有限元数值模型,并将有限元数值分析结果与检测...     

PBL剪力键破坏形态及极限承载力试验研究

根据已有试验结果,总结了有贯穿钢筋类PBL剪力键(perfobond rib shear connector)的3种破坏形态,其中充分发挥承载力的破坏形态为贯穿钢筋剪切破坏。为了研究PBL剪力键的极限承载力,对4组21个试件进行了静载破坏试验,结合文献[10]的试验结果,研究了各种因素对PBL剪力键极限承载力的影响,提出了有贯穿钢筋类PBL剪力键极限承载力计算公式。结果表明:有贯穿钢筋类PBL剪力键的极限承载力主要与贯穿钢筋面积及强度有关,与混凝土强度、混凝土榫面积无关,横向钢筋面积及强度对其的影响较以前试验所得结果小。     

淄博市大气污染特征模型模拟及环境容量估算

为在我国构建基于"浓度控制、总量控制、质量控制"相结合的大气污染防治新模式,结合国家《重点区域大气污染防治规划(2011-2015年)》及《淄博市环境保护"十二五"规划》的编制工作,利用CALPUFF空气质量模型模拟了淄博市及其周边地区大气污染特征,并基于模型模拟结果采用多目标线性优化方法估算了淄博市SO2、NOx、PM10这3项污染物的环境容量.研究表明,淄博市大气污染受外来污染源影响大,外来污染源对淄博全市SO2、NO2、PM10年均浓度贡献率分别达26.34%、21.23%、14.58%.淄博市各区县之间存在显著的相互影响关系,其中周边区县对张店中心城区的SO2、NO2、PM10年均浓度贡献率分别为35.96%、43.17%、17.69%.淄博市不同区县的空间敏感性差异较大,其中周村区、桓台县、张店区、淄川区单位污染物排放量对城市空气质量的综合影响明显大于其它区县.淄博市要达到《环境空气质量标准》(GB 3095-2012)的要求,SO2、NOx、PM10的环境容量分别仅为8.03×104、19.16×104、3.21×104t.因此,在山东半岛实施区域大气污染联防联控是确保淄博市空气质量达标的必要途径.     

Effect of nitrate concentration on filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen in an airlift inner circular anoxic-aerobic incorporate reactor

This laboratory research investigated a possible cause of filamentous bulking under low level of dissolved oxygen conditions (dissolved oxygen value in aerobic zone maintained between 0.6-0.8 mgO2 /L) in an airlift inner-circular anoxic-aerobic reactor. During the operating period, it was observed that low nitrate concentrations affected sludge volume index significantly. Unlike the existing hypothesis, the batch tests indicated that filamentous bacteria (mainly Thiothrix sp.) could store nitrate temporarily under carbon restricted conditions. When nitrate concentration was below 4 mg/L, low levels of carbon substrates and dissolved oxygen in the aerobic zone stimulated the nitrate-storing capacity of filaments. When filamentous bacteria riched in nitrate reached the anoxic zone, where they were exposed to high levels of carbon but limited nitrate, they underwent denitrification. However, when nonfilamentous bacteria were exposed to similar conditions, denitrification was restrained due to their intrinsic nitrate limitation. Hence, in order to avoid filamentous bulking, the nitrate concentration in the return sludge (from aerobic zone to the anoxic zone) should be above 4 mg/L, or alternatively, the nitrate load in the anoxic zone should be kept at levels above 2.7 mg NO-3N/g SS.