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71.
Thirty-seven years since reform and opening up, China has sustained rapid economic growth and urbanization. However, there was inadequate protection of natural, historical, and cultural heritage, especially in the past 17 years, which led to the outcome that urban and rural construction lacked features. To rebuild our urban features during urbanization, and avoid destroying them, we should probe into the reason of lacking features and how to protect them. Therefore, taking Jinan City as an example, this paper explored the crisis and its causes of urban characteristics during the period of rapid urbanization based on discussing roles of spring features, including economic effects, social effects, ecological effects and so on. What is more, this paper listed and analyzed those protection measures taken by Jinan. The results showed that spring groups spewed again and kept for 8 years through those measures, which meant that urban characteristics restored. Thus, Jinan City provides successful and significant reference for other cities in restoring urban features during urbanization construction. Also, the author deemed that cities could recollect their urban features as long as they take reasonable measures. 相似文献
72.
研究泉水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征,探究泉水的补给来源,对水资源管理及旅游业可持续发展具有重要指导意义。以百脉泉泉群为研究区,通过分析降水及泉水中的氢氧稳定同位素特征,获取了本地大气降水线、泉水同位素时空变化特征及蒸发线,并探究了百脉泉泉水的补给来源。结果表明:大气降水中δ2H的波动范围为-151.55‰δ18O—-4.28‰,δ18O的波动范围为-19.93‰δ18O—-0.52‰,δ2H和δ18O在时间上的分布规律相似,均呈现双峰状(“M”型),本地大气降水线(LMWL)为:δ2H=7.58×δ18O+4.17。百脉泉泉水的δ2H的波动范围为-65.23‰δ18O—-37.01‰,δ18O的波动范围为-8.99‰δ18O—-4.04‰。泉水δ2H—δ18O均落在本地大气降水线上或... 相似文献
73.
74.
一种评估烟花爆竹燃放对大气PM2.5影响的新方法 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
基于北京市空气质量自动监测系统2013年2月常规污染物监测数据,提出了定量估算烟花爆竹燃放对大气PM2.5影响的污染物相对比值(PM2.5/CO)法。利用该方法研究表明,2013年北京除夕烟花爆竹燃放使PM2.5单站1小时平均浓度最大增加709μg/m3(石景山古城监测点);全市24小时平均浓度增加88μg/m3,达到159μg/m3,空气质量由良好升级为重度污染。元宵节夜间烟花爆竹燃放使PM2.5单站1小时平均浓度最大增加469μg/m3(海淀万柳监测点),全市24小时平均浓度增加54μg/m3。除夕夜、元宵夜全市平均烟花爆竹PM2.5浓度超过75μg/m3的时间分别为5、7 h,达到峰值后半衰期分别为0.9、1.7 h。城区烟花爆竹PM2.5浓度高于郊区,并可导致下风向郊区的PM2.5浓度显著增加。除夕、元宵节北京市区烟花爆竹排放PM2.5总量分别约为1.91×105kg、1.17×105kg。 相似文献
75.
Jamrah A Al-Futaisi A Hassan H Al-Oraimi S 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):331-341
This paper presents a study that aims at evaluating the leaching characteristics of petroleum contaminated soils as well as
their application in hot mix asphalt concrete. Soil samples are environmentally characterized in terms of their total heavy
metals and hydrocarbon compounds and leachability. The total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) present in the PCS before and after
treatment was determined to be 6.8% and 5.3% by dry weight, indicating a reduction of 1% in the TPH of PCS due to the current
treatment employed. Results of the total heavy metal analysis on soils indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals are
lower when extraction of the soil samples is carried out using hexane in comparison to TCE. The results show that the clean
soils present in the vicinity of contaminated sites contain heavy metals in the following decreasing order: nickel (Ni), followed
by chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V). The current treatment practice employed for remediation
of the contaminated soil reduces the concentrations of nickel and chromium, but increases the concentrations of all remaining
heavy metals. 相似文献
76.
太原市2014年春节期间常规大气污染物浓度变化及聚类分析 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
为了探寻太原市春节期间不同监测站点各常规大气污染物的质量浓度变化规律及相互之间的关系,记录和收集了太原市上兰、南寨、涧河、尖草坪、桃园、坞城、小店、金胜、晋源9个监测点2014年农历小年至元宵节(2014-01-23—2014-02-14)期间的大气PM2.5、PM10、CO、NO2、O3、SO2小时浓度值以及相应的气温、气压、湿度、风级、能见度等气象数据,采用相关分析、小波分析、单因子污染指数评价和系统聚类等方法进行研究,发现:1该时段内就太原市总体而言,PM2.5超标倍数最大,其次是PM10、SO2、CO、NO2,O3污染最小.2农历小年、除夕、正月初八、元宵节大气PM2.5和PM10的浓度迅速增加,与自然气象因子基本无关,说明烟花爆竹的集中燃放对大气颗粒物尤其是细颗粒物产生较大影响.3SO2、NO2、CO与PM2.5和PM10浓度变化的波动趋势相似、主周期相同,反映了部分PM2.5和PM10与SO2、NO2、CO有共同的来源;O3的波动趋势及主周期与上述污染物完全不同,显示出它来源的特殊性.4按PM2.5聚类,南寨、涧河、尖草坪、桃园4个点聚为一类,小店和坞城2个点聚为一类,金胜和晋源聚为一类,位于太原市最北端作为清洁对照的上兰监测点自成一类,与它们的地理位置有较好的相符性,同时,聚类分析结果与各监测点的单因子污染指数评价结果相一致.本文提示小波分析与聚类分析相结合可以较好地反映城市大气污染物浓度变化的时间与空间分布规律. 相似文献
77.
78.
基于美国宇航局(NASA)的CALIPSO星载激光雷达L1卫星监测数据,通过分析532 nm总后向散射系数、体积退偏比和色比,对江浙沪地区2009—2014年春节期间大气气溶胶光学与微物理特性进行研究,揭示了江浙沪地区春节期间大气气溶胶散射强度、颗粒规则性与颗粒大小的垂直分布特征.结果表明,燃放烟花爆竹产生的颗粒物主要聚集于对流层中低空,使低层大气散射能力增强、颗粒物尺度增大,使对流层中层大气颗粒物不规则性增强;气溶胶散射能力随高度增大单调减弱,不规则气溶胶在6~8 km高度内占比最大,颗粒随高度增大单调减小;对比各年情况发现,散射能力逐年增强. 相似文献
79.
结合常规污染物浓度和PM_(2.5)化学组分浓度,分析了2015年春节期间烟花爆竹燃放对北京市空气质量的影响。结果表明:烟花爆竹燃放会在短时间内造成严重的大气污染,其中对SO2、PM_(2.5)和PM10的影响最为显著。除夕夜间良乡、官园和怀柔3个监测站点的PM_(2.5)质量浓度峰值分别达730.5、343.4、762.2μg/m~3,为2月17—25日和3月4—8日(观测期间)平均值的5.2、3.1、7.1倍。烟花爆竹燃放对PM_(2.5)组分中的SO_4~(2-)、K+和Cl-的影响最为显著,除夕夜间监测中心点位的SO_4~(2-)、K~+和Cl~-质量浓度峰值分别达92.2、95.6、57.4μg/m~3,为观测期间平均值的4.5、10.5、6.8倍。烟花爆竹燃放产生的气态前体物和NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)、NH+4、OC等PM_(2.5)二次化学组分在不利的气象条件下会发生化学反应和物理积累,造成PM_(2.5)浓度升高,产生持续性的大气污染。根据各污染物与NH+4的质量浓度比推算得出,除夕、"破五"和元宵节3个时段烟花爆竹燃放对K~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、SO_2和PM_(2.5)浓度的平均贡献率分别为78.4%、61.1%、37.4%、38.7%和30.1%。 相似文献
80.
Spatial analysis for spring bloom and nutrient limitation in Xiangxi bay of three Gorges Reservoir 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The spatial and temporal dynamics of physical variables, inorganic nutrients and phytoplankton chlorophyll a were investigated in Xiangxi Bay from 23 Feb. to 28 Apr. every six days, including one daily sampling site and one bidaily
sampling site. The concentrations of nutrient variables showed ranges of 0.02–3.20 mg/L for dissolved silicate (Si); 0.06–2.40
mg/L for DIN (NH4N + NO2N + NO3N); 0.03–0.56 mg/L for PO4P and 0.22–193.37 μg/L for chlorophyll a, respectively. The concentration of chlorophyll a and inorganic nutrients were interpolated using GIS techniques. The results indicated that the spring bloom was occurred
twice in space during the whole monitoring period (The first one: 26 Feb.–23 Mar.; the second one: 23 Mar.–28 Apr.). The concentration
of DIN was always high in the mouth of Xiangxi Bay, and PO4P was high in the upstream of Xiangxi Bay during the whole bloom period. Si seems no obvious difference in space in the beginning
of the spring bloom, but showed high heterogeneity in space and time with the development of spring bloom. By comparing the
interpolated maps of chlorophyll a and inorganic variables, obvious consumptions of Si and DIN were found when the bloom status was serious. However, no obvious
depletion of PO4P was found. Spatial regression analysis could explained most variation of Chl-a except at the begin of the first and second bloom. The result indicated that Si was the factor limiting Chl-a in space before achieved the max area of hypertrophic in the first and second bloom period. When Si was obviously exhausted,
DIN became the factor limiting the Chl-a in space.
Daily and bidaily monitoring of Site A and B, representing for high DIN: PO4P ratio and low DIN:PO4P ratio, indicated that the concentration of Si was decreased with times at both site A and B, and the dramatically drop of
DIN was found in the end monitoring at site B. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that Si was the most important
factor affect the development of spring bloom both at site A and B in time series. 相似文献