生物法-人工湿地工艺处理采油废水及其有机物的降解特性

采用水解酸化-好氧-人工湿地和水解酸化-人工湿地2种工艺流程处理油田某联合处理站经隔油、混凝处理的采油废水,并运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术研究采油废水处理过程中有机物的迁移降解规律.结果表明,水解酸化(水力停留时间HRT=20 h)好-氧(HRT=10 h人)-工湿地(HRT=2 d)与水解酸化(HRT=20 h人)-工湿地(HRT=4 d),2种工艺的出水水质都能达到COD≤80 mg/L、NH+4-N≤15 mg/L.GC-MS分析结果表明,水解酸化能显著改善采油废水的可生化性,好氧及人工湿地对含苯环类有机污染物处理效果显著.     

印染废水处理工艺的改造

对某染织厂原印染废水处理系统存在的问题及废水水质进行了分析,在充分利用现有设施的前提下,提出了气浮／水解酸化／生物接触氧化／混凝沉淀／过滤改造工艺,增加一套气浮一体化处理设备,并将初沉池改为水解酸化池,平流沉淀池改成斜管沉淀池。改造后的废水处理系统对COD、SS和色度的去除率分别达到91．2％、90．7％、87．5％,出水水质达到了《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》（GB4287—92）的一级标准。     

易腐有机垃圾单级高固体厌氧消化实验研究

在中温(35～37℃)条件下,对连续式单级高固体厌氧消化反应器处理易腐有机垃圾进行了试验研究,连续试验时间达半年以上.结果表明,系统稳定运行时,在进料TS为24.79%、VS为23.06%的情况下,单位体积反应器产气效率最高达到3.69L/(L·d),易腐有机垃圾的产气能力(以VS计)为746.33 L/kg,有机负荷(以VS计)达到4.94 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间47 d,此时期处理效果理想;试验启动之初易发生酸化,其抑制情况严重,出现0产气,经碱性溶液调节后情况得到较好解决;反应进行至80 d后产气速率降至最高速率的一半以下,推断是氨氮浓度超过2000mg/L而产生氨氮抑制,经过投加化学药剂和调节进料C/N抑制情况得到缓解.     

中国南方森林黄壤的铝活化模式

将酸化模型应用于我国区域酸沉降影响的预测和控制对策的制定,需要选择有区域代表性的土壤铝活化模式并确定其参数.利用我国南方4个森林小流域的土壤化学长期观测资料,对常见的铝活化模式,如三水铝石模式、斜矾石模式、高岭石模式、伊毛缟石模式和有机质吸附模式等在中国南方森林黄壤的区域适用性进行了分析.结果表明,广泛应用于各种酸化模型的三水铝石模式实际上并不适用,而修正后的三水铝石经验模式在土壤水pH值≥4时能够适用,经验常数可取pK=-2.40、 a=1.65（上层土壤）和pK=-2.82、a=1.66（下层土壤）.其他模式与经验三水铝石模式相比,模拟性能并无明显的改善.观测结果还表明,当pH<4时,pAl不随pH明显变化,这些模式均不能解释其机制.     

Improving biodegradation potential of domestic wastewater by manipulating the size distribution of organic matter

Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice.     

某生活垃圾处理中心厨余垃圾处理工程实例分析

厨余垃圾作为城市有机生活垃圾的主要成分之一,因其具有高水分、高油脂、高盐分以及易腐发臭、易生物降解等特点,不宜直接填埋和焚烧。对某生活垃圾综合处理厂生物处理中心采用"预处理+酸化水解-厌氧+沼渣脱水后生化处理"组合工艺的厨余垃圾处理工程进行了实例分析。该工艺处理厨余垃圾具有无害化、减量化、资源化程度较高和能耗较低的优势,具有良好的推广潜力。     

水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A~2O工艺在镇江市新区第二污水厂的应用

镇江市新区第二污水厂采用水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A2O工艺,一期处理规模为2×104 m3/d,进水主要是新区化工园区的混合化工废水。文章详细介绍了该污水厂的工艺流程、相关设备及构筑物设计参数。运行结果表明,用水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A2O工艺处理混合化工废水,处理效果良好,出水水质基本达标。     

The GANE Roof Project: The impact of reduced N & S deposition and experimental warming in an acid grassland

A field-based system used to quantify the response of acid grassland to reduced atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur deposition, and to investigate the effects of elevated soil temperature on acid grassland development is described. The system is based on 12 retractable roofs, covering undisturbed experimental plots of acid grassland and three controls. Nine roofs are used to exclude natural precipitation and three roofs used to retain emitted IR radiation at night. An irrigation system has been developed to simulate natural precipitation, allowing for the application of specific treatment regimes of ambient, reduced nitrogen and reduced nitrogen/sulphur deposition beneath the nine rain exclusion plots. Plant, soil parameters, leachate chemistry and gaseous fluxes are being monitored and initial results on soil water chemistry are described. Warming appeared to enhance nitrate concentrations in soil water but this was not sustained beyond the first year of treatment. In contrast, the deposition reduction treatments decreased soil water nitrate concentrations within a few weeks of reducing deposition. This was not observed for other solutes such as sulphate or ammonium suggesting a more direct link between deposition of nitrate and leaching losses.     

热-碱处理污泥与木耳菌糠共发酵产酸性能的研究

为克服单一剩余活性污泥(WAS)发酵产酸效率低的问题和资源化利用废弃木耳菌糠(SMS),本文对热-碱预处理污泥(PWS)和菌糠进行共发酵,研究预处理和菌糠添加对共发酵体系的产酸性能影响.试验基于原料的总固体含量(TS)共设置6个处理,分别为污泥(WAS∶SMS=1∶0)、预处理污泥(PWS∶SMS=1∶0)、菌糠(PW...     

Inhibition character of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater on biological acidification

• The inhibition of the main organic pollutions in CMW was demonstrated. • Variations of AK and BK showed a high correlation with the SAA of Ac and n-Bu. • The inhibitory degree was in the order of Ac>n-Bu for individual toxicants. • Biodegradation products of the main toxicants were analyzed. This work aims to investigate the inhibitory effect of crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater (CMW) on biological acidification. To reveal the inhibitory effect of wastewater to the anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS), variations of the specific acidogenic activity (SAA) and activities of key enzymes were investigated. The results indicated that the dosage of CMW causing a 50% effect concentration (EC₅₀) on the activity of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) production was 380 mg COD/g VSS. The inhibitory effect of individual toxicants in CMW on the activity of TVFA production were in the order of crotonaldehyde>ethyl sorbate>(E,E)-2,4-hexadienal, and their inhibitory degrees on individual VFA products were acetic acid (Ac)>n-butyric acid (n-Bu), which could correspond to the variations in the activities of acetate kinase (AK) and butyrate kinase (BK). Furthermore, the combined effect of three toxicants on the activity of TVFA production was significantly higher than that of any individual toxicant, and the contribution of the relative toxicity to CMW was 77.27%. Additionally, the biodegradation products of the main toxicants indicated that the removal of crotonaldehyde and (E,E)-2,4-hexadienal was primarily due to the hydrogenation of alkene and aldehyde and the oxidation of aldehyde. Nevertheless, the removal of ethyl sorbate was primarily based on adsorption. In conclusion, biological acidification has a limited ability to treatment CMW, therefore, a further pretreatment technology should be used to remove the main toxicant of wastewater.