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72.
Two different kinds of black liquor from the papermaking industry were treated by acidification and reuse. The experimental parameters and conditions were discussed in detail. The experimental results indicated that the treatment process mentioned in this article is an effective process for the treatment of black liquor from the papermaking industry. By the treatment, the solid materials in black liquor are transferred into two by-products and the other components are reused or evaporated. Thus, no wastewater except some condensation water would be discharged in pulping process and the problem of oollution of black liauor would be effectively solved. 相似文献
73.
Carbon source is a critical constraint on nutrient removal in domestic wastewater treatment. However, the functions of particulate organic matter (POM) and some organics with high molecular weight (HMW) are overlooked in the conventional process, as they cannot be directly assimilated into cells during microbial metabolism. This further aggravates the problem of carbon source shortage and thus affects the effluent quality. Therefore, to better characterize organic matter (OM) based MW distribution, microfiltration/ultrafiltration/nanofiltration (MF/UF/NF) membranes were used in parallel to fractionate OM, which obtained seven fractions. Hydrolysis acidification (HA) was adopted to manipulate the MW distribution of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and further explore the correlation between molecular size and biodegradability. Results showed that HA pretreatment of wastewater not only promoted transformation from POM to DOM, but also boosted biodegradability. After 8 hr of HA, the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) increased by 65%, from the initial value of 20.25 to 33.48 mg/L, and the biodegradability index (BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand)/SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand)) increased from 0.52 to 0.74. Using MW distribution analysis and composition optimization, a new understanding on the characteristics of organics in wastewater was obtained, which is of importance to solving low C/N wastewater treatment in engineering practice. 相似文献
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75.
厂区生活污水有机物及悬浮颗粒含量高,可生化性好。采用水解酸化-接触氧化法(厌氧/好氧)处理生活污水,目前系统运行稳定,出水各项指标达到国家GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中二级排放标准。设计处理能力为1 500 m3/d,处理后出水进入厂区回用水池。 相似文献
76.
农业活动干扰下地下水无机碳循环过程研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为准确识别浅层地下水污染来源及污染过程,选择我国北方某集约化蔬菜种植基地浅层地下水作为研究对象,借助水化学组成、氢氧同位素以及溶解性无机碳(DIC)碳同位素组成,探讨浅层地下水来源以及DIC来源和迁移转化特征.结果表明:浅层地下水阳离子以Ca2+和Mg2+为主,阴离子以HCO3-和SO42-为主,沿地下水流向,水化学类型由HCO3?-Ca2+-Mg2+型转变为HCO3--SO42--Mg2+-Ca2+型;浅层地下水δD组成范围为-69.6‰~-52.7‰,均值为-63.5‰,δ18O组成范围为-9.29‰~-6.80‰,均值为-8.45‰.大气降水是浅层地下水重要补给来源,靠近河水的浅层地下水还接受地表水的补给;浅层地下水δ13CDIC组成范围为-11.76‰~-5.85‰,均值为-10.43‰.浅层地下水DIC来源包括土壤CO2、碳酸盐矿物以及有机质分解.河水DIC侧渗对局部浅层地下水DIC碳同位素造成影响,化学肥料引起的酸性物质参与碳酸盐矿物风化作用以及浅层地下水CO2去气作用对地下水δ13CDIC组成产生影响,在利用DIC碳同位素识别地下水污染来源时需要引起重视. 相似文献
77.
78.
剩余污泥水解酸化液磷去除的影响因素研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
城市污水厂剩余污泥水解酸化后可产生高浓度挥发性有机酸(VFAs),其中的乙酸和丙酸是增强生物除磷(EBPR)工艺的有利基质.但水解酸化液中含有大量的磷,如不进行处理就作为碳源回用到污水处理工艺中,势必增加除磷负荷.利用鸟粪石沉淀法可以去除污水中的磷.对城市污水厂剩余污泥水解酸化液形成鸟粪石的影响因素进行了试验研究.结果表明,在最佳工艺条件下,正磷和总磷的去除率分别可达92.5%和83.8%. 相似文献
79.
Nitrogen deposition alters soil chemical properties and bacterial communities in the Inner Mongolia grassland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nitrogen deposition has dramatically altered biodiversity and ecosystem functioning on the earth; however, its effects on soil bacterial community and the underlying mechanisms of these effects have not been thoroughly examined. Changes in ecosystems caused by nitrogen deposition have traditionally been attributed to increased nitrogen content. In fact, nitrogen deposition not only leads to increased soil total N content, but also changes in the NH4+-N content, NO3--N content and pH, as well as changes in the heterogeneity of the four indexes. The soil indexes for these four factors, their heterogeneity and even the plant community might be routes through which nitrogen deposition alters the bacterial community. Here, we describe a 6-year nitrogen addition experiment conducted in a typical steppe ecosystem to investigate the ecological mechanism by which nitrogen deposition alters bacterial abundance, diversity and composition. We found that various characteristics of the bacterial community were explained by different environmental factors. Nitrogen deposition decreased bacterial abundance that is positively related to soil pH value. In addition, nitrogen addition decreased bacterial diversity, which is negatively related to soil total N content and positively related to soil NO3--N heterogeneity. Finally, nitrogen addition altered bacterial composition that is significantly related to soil NH4+-N content. Although nitrogen deposition significantly altered plant biomass, diversity and composition, these characteristics of plant community did not have a significant impact on processes of nitrogen deposition that led to alterations in bacterial abundance, diversity and composition. Therefore, more sensitive molecular technologies should be adopted to detect the subtle shifts of microbial community structure induced by the changes of plant community upon nitrogen deposition. 相似文献
80.