基于Matlab的超声空化场测量与可视化分析

为探究超声空化机理、明确超声条件对空化效应的影响,采用铝箔腐蚀法,测量了不同条件下槽式与探头式超声装置中空化场分布,在Matlab平台实现了超声空化场的二维可视化,并通过超声基础试验进行分析验证,.结果表明:槽式超声场分布不均匀,随着超声频率的增加,铝箔腐蚀面积减小,空化效应减弱;空化效应在波腹处最明显,高效区面积最大.探头式超声空化场的高效区主要分布在探头轴线附近,随着铝箔与探头距离的增加,空化效应逐渐减弱,低效区面积增加;空化效应随超声波声能密度的增加而增强,声能密度5W/mL时,腐蚀面积可达80%以上.相同条件下,槽式超声波反应器中超声空化效应较强.超声波声能密度越大,处理后的污泥上清液SCOD越高,破解效果好;随着超声频率的增加,污泥破解程度下降,空化效应减弱.     

Bio-based materials for high-end electronics applications

During the past decade, a shift of focus onto greener alternatives to petroleum-based plastics has spurred the development of bio-based resins for plastic development. This has led to a positive marketing image for companies making the switch to resins from renewable resources. This shift of focus is further reinforced by corporations, which are committed to a reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions and product environmental footprints. Here, we present a perspective on the use of renewable materials in durable goods applications and the challenges and advantages associated with the use of renewable materials. Replacement of petroleum-based acoustic foam with that derived from sustainable resources and qualification of thermoplastic polylactic acid blends for enclosure covers has been demonstrated. The technical details of the materials development required for use in durable goods, and their characterization is also discussed.     

Acoustic Observations of Bottom Surge From Dredged Material Discharge in the Open Ocean

Abstract

Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth.

Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth.     

太旧高速公路聂家庄居民区公路声屏障设计方法研究

从聂家庄居民区的声环境现状入手，主要从声学角度阐述了该声屏障的设计方法。     

区域环境噪声达标区建设浅析

环境噪声达标区建设是环境噪声污染防治从单项点源治理走向面源综合治理,从定性管理走向定量管理的一项有效措施。介绍了大连市金州区环境保护局率先采用网格法开展区域环境噪声达标区创建工作,工程面积达20km^2,并通过专家鉴定验收。环境噪声达标区的建设为加速城市环境噪声污染综合整治,提高区域声环境质量打下良好的基础。     

一种新型降解有机污染物的方法:鼓泡空化法

采用宅气鼓泡结合玻璃珠(鼓泡窄化)的方法,对酸性红B等染料的降解进行了研究,考察了各种因素(鼓泡时间,初始浓度,玻璃珠直径,溶液酸度和气体流速等)对酸性红B降解的影响.结果表明,在室温(25℃)条件下,当鼓泡时间为5.0 h、溶液初始浓度为10 mg·L-1、玻璃珠直径为3.0～3.5 mm、溶液酸度pH=6.0和气体流速4.5 L·min-1时,酸性红B的降解率可达97%以上.同时,还初步探讨了鼓泡空化的形成过程和降解有机污染物的机理.推测是气泡融合时气泡之间的内壁张力达到极限致使气泡破裂,放出大量能量,使水(H2O)和氧气(O2)反应乍成氧化性极强的氧氧自由基(·OH)和超氧自由基(·O2-),使溶液中的有机污染物降解.     

Frequency comparative study of coal-fired fly ash acoustic agglomeration

Comparative studies between high-frequency and lowfrequency acoustic agglomeration were carried out to investigate the frequency influence on agglomeration efficiency.     

回转体高速入水弹道模型研究

目的 快速预测回转体高速入水过程中的空泡形态发展和分析回转体高速入水后的弹道特性。方法 基于空泡截面独立扩张原理,建立回转体高速入水非定常超空泡计算方法,通过高速水动力计算方法,结合回转体动力学方程,实现回转体运动参数的求解。结果 通过与文献试验结果对比,验证了回转体高速入水弹道模型的可靠性。对比试验结果,模型的预测误差在10%以内,可满足回转体高速入水弹道预测需要。利用所建立的弹道模型计算了回转体在高速垂直、倾斜入水2种工况下的空泡形态、运动参数变化。发现回转体高速入水过程中,空泡会影响回转体的运动,回转体速度衰减主要和空化器阻力有关。回转体在受到扰动角速度的影响后,滑行力会改变回转体的姿态角和攻角,并使弹道发生弯曲,但有助于回转体运动的稳定。结论 在入水空泡能完全包裹回转体的情况下,可对回转体进行结构优化,增强回转体尾拍运动中受到的滑行力,提升回转体高速入水运动稳定性。适当减小空化器直径,能降低回转体入水过程中的阻力,并增加射程。     

异形电极调控的体声波谐振器力–电多场耦合仿真与优化

目的 抑制压电薄膜体声波谐振器(FBAR)寄生振动模态干扰,提出一种异形电极调控的谐振器新结构,并进行力–电多物理场耦合有限元建模分析与参数优化。方法 基于压电薄膜体声波谐振器的力–电耦合方程,运用有限元方法进行参数影响仿真分析,获得不同电极结构形状与敏感几何参数对应的谐振器阻抗特性及寄生振动模态干扰的影响规律,并对提出的异形电极调控谐振器几何参数进行优化。结果 新型电极结构使得薄膜体声波谐振器的导纳特性曲线更加平滑,相位波纹减少,无明显寄生谐振峰。参数优化所得框状电极宽度为6 μm、厚度为0.1 μm,谐振频率为1.727 GHz。结论 通过异形电极结构形状设计,可以实现对谐振器寄生振动模态的有效抑制,提升谐振器的性能。