定向水力压裂裂隙扩展动态特征分析及其应用

为减少煤矿井下水力压裂卸压盲区,扩大压裂影响范围,提高卸压增透效果,在分析水力压裂起裂机理和裂隙发展特征的基础上,提出定向水力压裂技术,分析定向水力压裂过程中煤体的裂隙发展分布规律,并利用RFPA2D-Flow软件模拟了压裂的起裂、扩展和延伸过程,对定向压裂与非定向压裂的效果进行了比较。最后将定向水力压裂技术在平煤集团十二矿己15-31010工作面进行了现场应用,得出在27 MPa的水压下,单孔压裂有效影响半径达6 m;单孔瓦斯抽放平均浓度较未压裂时提高80%,平均流量上升了382%,取得了显著的效果,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

Acoustic Observations of Bottom Surge From Dredged Material Discharge in the Open Ocean

Bottom surges generated from dredged material discharges in the open ocean have been observed using high frequency acoustic concentration profilers in several field studies during the past five years. the locations, water depths, bottom slopes, oceanographic conditions, and dredged material composition differed from study to study. Observed surges at three dredged material disposal sites may develop more than one surge peak for a single discharge. for water depths of the order of 10 m, surge height of the leading peak was estimated to be about one quarter of the water depth. for water of greater depth, of the order of 100 m, surge height reached 70 m, about 70% of the water depth. Surge height is established instantaneously when dredged material hits the bottom, and remains relatively constant as the surge advances horizontally. Total surge length reached 150 m for water depths of 10 m when measured from the impact point to the leading edge. for water depths of more than 100 m, the surge length reached more than 100 m. Length of the leading surge peak was as large as 45 m at this water depth.

Dimensional analysis was applied to relate the surge height of the leading surge peak to discharge parameters and oceanographic conditions. Results showed that the ratio of surge height to water depth was proportional to 1/10 power of the ratio of discharge volume to the third power of water depth.     

试验环境下耐高温噪声测量技术概述

本文针对试验环境下的耐高温噪声测量,介绍了加装冷却水套、光纤传声器、等离子体传声器以及声波导管等四种噪声测量技术,简述了每种技术的基本原理,并用实例介绍了每种技术的应用情况。其适用的环境条件不同,性能也有差别,工程应用时应根据具体试验工况进行相应的选择。     

水下火炮燃气后效流场特性研究

目的 研究水下火炮发射过程中炮口燃气后效及其对高速射弹超空化流场的影响。方法 基于CFD软件FLUENT,运用UDF和动网格技术,考虑空化效应,建立水下火炮发射炮口燃气后效多相流数值计算模型。针对1 m水深条件下水下火炮发射炮口后效期运动过程进行数值模拟,获得了炮口气泡发展特性、压力脉动规律,分析炮口气泡对高速射弹空泡发展的影响。结果 炮口气泡经历了膨胀、收缩、拉断等发展历程,在发展初期能够加速射弹运动。射流中心处的压力特性最为复杂,随着远离射流中心,脉动幅值减小。高速射弹入水初期迅速形成超空泡,随后燃气泡与空泡发展融合,高压燃气进入形成的气\汽混合空腔,抑制了空化的发展,运动5倍弹长后,形成闭合空泡。对比火炮水下发射实验验证了仿真模型的准确性,空泡结果与实验一致性较好。结论 水下发射炮口流场复杂,影响高速射弹空泡的发展,同时还会使得火炮平台承受高载荷冲击的威胁,需要采取炮口降载措施。     

注水泵房噪声控制设计应用研究

在声强法分析声源声功率的基础上,确定风冷电机进、出风口为噪声控制重点,进行消声器的实验设计及评价.     

超声机械效应致裂煤岩增渗规律研究

超声机械效应致裂煤岩过程中裂纹的萌生、扩展过程及增渗规律仅凭借物理实验无法得到,煤岩破裂能量变化、煤岩应力-应变关系及储层渗透特性变化缺乏深入的研究。结合CT观测及渗透率的气测实验对煤岩破裂声发射、有效声压及声波对煤岩体裂纹扩展规律进行了深入探讨;开展了超声机械效应致裂煤岩的数值试验研究。结果表明:煤岩破裂过程应力变化率和煤岩声发射现象具有一致性;有效声压的增大有利于裂纹扩展和贯穿,使煤岩体内部原本互不相通的裂纹裂隙形成了相互贯通的网络,从而提高了煤岩的渗透率。     

户外噪声相干预测模型及其工程应用

基于几何衍射理论、相干虚源法等理论方法,提出一种适合于工程算法的户外噪声相干预测模型.该相干预测模型不仅能计算声源在经过有限长声屏障或多重声屏障时,由于多条路径衍射声形成的相干声场,还可计算声源在屏障等界面之间经多次反射后,多个反射声形成的相干声场.应用该相干预测模型对某变电站电力变压器周围的相干声场进行预测,通过与ISO9613-2标准算法、边界元法与实测值进行对比,结果表明,该户外噪声相干预测模型能反映出声波在不同位置处的波动性,比原有的ISO9613模型更接近测试结果,证明了所提理论模型的有效性,可应用于大范围的户外噪声预测计算.     

早强充填体与矿柱相互作用的声发射特征试验研究

为了更好厘清充填体与矿柱相互作用机理,提出使用石蜡作为胶结剂,通过尾砂加石蜡拌合模拟充填体,建立充填体与矿柱相互作用的复合体模型。基于充填体与矿柱侧边存在临空面这一实际情况,采用自制的双轴加载装置模拟井下早强充填体与矿柱共同受载情况。借助声发射仪监测充填体与矿柱在加载作用下的AE振铃计数及AE点发生位置。试验结果表明:尾砂+石蜡模拟充填体加载破坏后存在残余应力;充填体与矿柱复合体试样在加载过程中的内部破坏主要发生在充填体内和充填体与矿柱接触带区域。     

APPLICATION OF AN ACOUSTIC STREAMFLOW-MEASURING SYSTEM ON THE COLUMBIA RIVER AT THE DALLES,OREGON1

ABSTRACT. The need for accurate, independent records of flow on the Columbia River at The Dalles, Oregon, has been met by the installation of an acoustic streamflow-measuring system. This device provides an index of the velocity of flow by measuring the difference in traveltimes of acoustic pulses transmitted through the water in each direction along a diagonal path across the river. The flow of water along the path increases the speed of one signal and retards the speed of the other. The difference in time of travel is related linearly to the water velocity along the path. Installation of the system, which is the first application of an acoustic flowmeter in a large natural channel, was completed in April 1969. It has been in continuous operation since that date. The velocity index and water-surface elevation are used as a two-variable index in the computation of flow. These variables, correlated against current-meter measurements made by use of specialized boat equipment, provide a reliable basis for computations of instantaneous and daily mean discharges.     

海底声基阵大地坐标测量

声基阵是进行目标测量和定位的重要装备,而声基阵的海底坐标测量有广泛的应用场合。给出了一种基于时延测量的海底声基阵大地坐标测量的方法。在该方法中,声源在3个位置已知点上发射CW脉冲,利用声源发射和声阵接收的CW脉冲之间的时延获得空间中的3个声源发射点到阵元的距离,并以这3个声源发射点为圆心,以声源发射点到阵元的距离为半径作球面,得到的交点即为阵元的大地坐标。通过海上试验数据分析结果表明可以把该方法运用于实际的工程测量当中。