关于建立环保型矿产资源产业链的设想

将供应链理论应用于矿产资源产业，围绕某种矿产资源的勘查、开发、利用、回收再利用，从政府宏观管理角度出发，设想建立起完整的环保型矿产资源（矿产品）产业链，政府部门制定、实施相关措施和政策对矿产资源（矿产品）产业链进行管理，并与区域发展战略规划相结合，实现建立环保型矿产资源（矿产品）产业链的目的：对矿产资源综合开发利用，提高矿产利用率；预防和减少开发利用对生态环境的污染，缓解我国经济发展中矿产资源不足和生态环境压力，实现国民经济的可持续发展。     

钢-混凝土预制板组合梁试验研究

对12个不同预留孔形、孔内不同填充材料的推出试件及2根不同预留孔形的完全剪力连接与1根部分剪力连接的钢-混凝土预制板组合梁进行了试验，结果表明，只要预留孔形设计合理，灌孔混凝土强度得当，钢-混凝土预制板组合梁就具有良好的组合效应和整体工作性能，是一种有发展前途和广泛应用领域的新型组合结构。     

典型岩溶区旱季板栗树下岩溶溶蚀速率的研究

广西是全国板栗树主要种植区之一,研究区的隆安县具有"板栗之乡"之称,并且大部分板栗树种植在岩溶区。为了研究岩溶区种植板栗树后岩溶溶蚀的变化,本文通过野外溶蚀标准试片法,在典型岩溶区测定了相同地质背景下洼地板栗树、洼地草地、坡地灌木丛旱季试片绝对溶蚀量、溶蚀速率和土壤pH值等,并对洼地草地、坡地灌木丛土壤和洼地板栗树进行比较。结果表明:板栗树下土壤pH值偏低,呈弱酸性,低于坡地灌木丛和洼地草地,土地试片的溶蚀率则高于坡地灌木丛和洼地草地,而且土壤试片的溶蚀速率与土壤pH值呈显著负相关关系。因此,岩溶区板栗树的种植可能对岩溶溶蚀作用有促进的作用。     

煤矿员工的“知-能-行”不安全行为模式研究

从认知心理学视角,分析煤矿员工不安全行为的决策心理过程,构建煤矿员工不安全行为"知-能-行"模式模型,归纳该模式下煤矿员工不安全行为致因因素,为煤矿员工不安全行为管理工作提供了重要理论参考。研究表明:煤矿管理者的不尽职行为是一种重要的不安全行为,并成为导致我国煤矿事故频发的根本原因;安全管理规定和行为规范、员工的记忆状态、理解能力、行为认知能力、价值观及价值判断、行动能力均是影响煤矿员工作出不安全行为的重要心理因素;预防和控制煤矿员工不安全行为应从煤矿员工的外在规定性、"知"、"能"、"行"4个方面入手;对煤矿管理者和工人的不安全行为管理应具有差异性。     

水生生物急性毒性QSAR模型研究进展

化学品污染对人类健康和生态环境造成潜在风险。但是,危害性信息缺失是进行化学品风险评价的主要挑战。经济合作与发展组织(OECD)和美国环保署都提倡用非动物实验替代方法来弥补数据缺失。定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)被认为是一种有应用前景的替代技术。水生生物急性毒性是化学品风险评估和优先污染物筛选中最常用的参数之一。但是,目前可获得的实验毒性数据非常有限。本文总结了近年来发展的急性毒性预测模型,包括:(1)基于同类化合物建模;(2)基于数理统计建模;(3)基于化合物毒性作用模式建模。从模型预测能力、应用域、机理解释等角度对这3类模型进行了比较。其中,基于作用模式构建的模型一般具有较好的预测性能,并有助于机理解释,将是今后水生生物急性毒性预测的发展方向。     

Inadvertent environmentalism and the action–value opportunity: reflections from studies at both ends of the generational spectrum

A recent turn towards a more contextually sensitive apprehension of the challenge of making everyday life less resource hungry has been partly underwritten by widespread evidence that the environmental values people commonly profess to hold do not often translate into correspondingly low impact actions. Yet sometimes the contexts of everyday life can also conspire to make people limit their consumption without ever explicitly connecting this to the environmental agenda. This paper considers this phenomenon with reference to UK studies from both ends of the generational spectrum. The first questioned how older people keep warm at home during winter and the second examined how young people get rid of no longer wanted possessions. Both found that, though the respondents involved were acting in certain ways that may be deemed comparatively low impact, they were hitherto relatively indifferent to the idea of characterising these actions as such. We outline three ways in which sustainability advocates might respond to the existence of such “inadvertent environmentalists” and consider how they might inspire studies that generate fresh intervention ideas instead of lingering on the dispiriting recognition that people do not often feel able to act for the environment.     

干水在热环境中的持续作用效果研究*

为研究干水对建筑火灾中高聚物燃烧产生的热危害和烟气危害的影响,采用火焰传播量热仪（FPA）模拟建筑火灾扑灭后的持续热环境,对灭火过程中过量施加的干水对可燃高聚物的持续作用效果进行研究。结果表明:干水能够明显提升可燃物的抗复燃性能以及削弱燃烧过程中的热危害和烟气危害;相比于纯燃料,干水作用下可燃物的点燃时间出现明显的延迟,并且热释放速率和一氧化碳生成速率明显降低,尤其在可燃物燃烧初期,干水还具有显著的抑制烟气生成速率的效果。研究结果可为灾后消防人员的搜救和被困人员的逃生提供一种新的技术方案。     

Forecast-based action for conservation

Extreme weather events pose an immediate threat to biodiversity, but existing conservation strategies have limitations. Advances in meteorological forecasting and innovation in the humanitarian sector provide a possible solution—forecast-based action (FbA). The growth of ecological forecasting demonstrates the huge potential to anticipate conservation outcomes, but a lack of operational examples suggests a new approach is needed to translate forecasts into action. FbA provides such a framework, formalizing the use of meteorological forecasts to anticipate and mitigate the impacts of extreme weather. Based on experience from the humanitarian sector, I suggest how FbA could work in conservation, demonstrating key concepts using the theoretical example of heatwave impacts on sea turtle embryo mortality, and address likely challenges in realizing FbA for conservation, including establishing a financing mechanism, allocating funds to actions, and decision-making under uncertainty. FbA will demand changes in conservation research, practice, and governance. Researchers must increase efforts to understand the impacts of extreme weather at more immediate and actionable timescales and should coproduce forecasts of such impacts with practitioners. International conservation funders should establish systems to fund anticipatory actions based on uncertain forecasts.     

配筋率对钢筋混凝土框架梁极限承载力的影响——拱效应试验研究

通过对9根不同纵筋配筋率的钢筋混凝土试验梁进行加载试验,研究了纵筋配筋率对钢筋混凝土框架梁拱效应的影响以及拱效应条件下钢筋混凝土框架梁的极限承载力.试验结果和理论分析表明,钢筋混凝土框架梁中的拱效应可以使构件的极限承载力提高1倍左右;纵筋配筋率越低,极限承载力提高的幅度越显著.为提高拱效应的作用,宜将钢筋混凝土框架梁的纵筋配筋率控制在1.5%以内.     

莱茵河流域防洪规划——发展及其实施(论文摘编)

The River Rhine situatedin the middle of central Europe is a striking example for the diverging con-cerns of natural wetland schemes and human uses.The River Rhine basin covers an area of190000km2andis settled by50million people,livingin nine different countries.Onlyin the19th century the naturalmoving water courses of the River Rhine were fixedin a singular riverbed allowingthe human utilization ofthe flood prone areas by agriculture,settlement andinfrastructure.Extreme floods in the last …